哲学话语与教育权力:人生观论战与20世纪20年代的新学制改革  

Philosophical Discourse and Educational Power:The Debate on View of Life and the New School System Reform in the Early 1920s

作　　者：彭姗姗[1] Peng Shanshan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第3期60-71,共12页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“杜威访华与五四变局”(22FZSB074)。

摘　　要：科学能否解决人生观问题之所以在1923年年初成为科学与人生观论战的焦点,正因其亦为新学制课程改革之重心。胡适、丁文江在1923年年初挑起论战,有组织地批驳张君劢的《人生观》讲演,是为了争取即将在新课标指导下接受教育的学生,创造有利于科学教育的舆论。反过来,论战亦可被视为关于修身科存废问题的思想或哲学争论。胡适等人通过论战来宣传普及科学教育理念,张君劢等人逐渐领悟到论战在教育改革上的意义,开始力倡玄学教育。胡适等人的“胜利”表现为科学教育思想在新学制课程标准纲要中的应用和普及、“人生哲学”课程的持续开设以及具有中国特色的新概念“人生哲学”“人生观”的创造。新“人生观”概念,为唯物史观意义上“世界观”和“人生观”概念的普及奠定了思想基础。The reason why the question of whether science could solve the problem of view of life became the focus of the debate on science and view of life in the early 1923 is that it was also the center of curriculum reform of the new school system.Hu Shi and Ding Wenjiang started the debate in the early 1923 by refuting Zhang Junmai's lecture on“Lebensanschauung”in an organized way in order to win over the students who were going to be educated under the new curriculum standards and to create public opinion in favor of science education.In turn,the debate can be regarded as an ideological or philosophical debate on the question of the existence or abolition of the self-cultivation subject.While Hu Shi's side used the debate to publicize and popularize ideas of science education,Zhang Junmai's side gradually realized the significance of the debate in education reform and became a strong advocate for metaphysical education(Xuanxue Jiaoyu).The“victory”of Hu Shi's side was manifested in the application and popularization of the thought of science education in the outline of the curriculum standard of the new school system,the continued offering of the course of“Rensheng Zhexue”,and the creation of the new concepts of“Rensheng Zhexue”and“Renshengguan”(a new philosophy of the universe and life).The new concept“Renshengguan”proposed by Hu Shi and others laid the intellectual foundation for the popularization of the concepts of“world view”and“life view”in the sense of historical materialism.

关 键 词：科学与人生观论战 新学制改革 人生哲学 科学教育 胡适 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]