从《读史》看王安石的史学观  

A Study of Wang Anshi’s Historical View from“Reading History”

作　　者：晁天义[1,2] Chao Tianyi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学杂志社,北京102488

出　　处：《史学月刊》2025年第3期120-126,共7页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：《读史》一诗以文学化的手段典型反映出王安石的史学观,但是只有结合该诗文本本身、王安石的政治主张与活动,以及王安石史学观对宋代史学发展的影响三个方面,才有可能对它作出准确的解读。就文本本身而言,《读史》从历史记忆、历史记载、历史评价、历史研究等多个角度对历史研究的可能性、必要性提出质疑,实质上等于否定了历史研究的价值。出于变法的现实需要,王安石主张“祖宗不足法”,并将历史及其经验的总结视为需要摒弃的消极因素。为了反对史学实践,王安石以“尊经卑史”(或云“荣经陋史”)的方式抑制“读史”与“治史”,客观上对北宋乃至北宋之后中国古代史学的发展产生负面作用。体现于《读史》等文本中的王安石史学思想,是其政治诉求在强大的历史意识传统和环境中的产物,因而体现出先扬后抑、似扬实抑的矛盾性特征。Wang Anshi's historical view is reflected in the poem“Reading History”(《读史》),but only by combining the text of the poem,Wang Anshi's political beliefs and activities,and the influence of his historical idea on the development of historiography in the Song dynasty,can the poem be accurately interpreted.“Reading History”questions the possibility and necessity of historical research from multiple perspectives,such as historical memory,historical records,historical evaluation,and historical research,essentially denying the value of historical research.Due to the practical needs of reform,Wang Anshi advocated that“there was no need to learn from ancestors”(“祖宗不足法”)and regarded the summary of history and its experience as a negative factor which needed to be abandoned.In order to oppose the practice of historiography,Wang Anshi suppressed“reading history”and“governing history”by“respecting classics and belittling history”(“尊经卑史”)or“glorifying classics and belittling history”(“荣经陋史”),which objectively had a great negative impact on the development of historiography in the Northern Song Dynasty and even in ancient China.The historical thought of Wang Anshi reflected in texts such as“Reading History”is a product of his political demands fostered in a tradition and environment with strong historical consciousness,thus displaying the contradictory characteristics of first promoting and then suppressing,and seemingly promoting but actually suppressing.

关 键 词：《读史》 王安石 史学观 尊经卑史 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]