不同驾驶循环制动工况下刹车颗粒物排放特性研究  

Emission Characteristics of Brake Particulate Matter Under Deceleration Braking Conditions with Different Driving Cycles

作　　者：葛蕴珊[1] 谢汶峰 李家琛 马尧 王宇 王亚超 王昌钰 GE Yunshan;XIE Wenfeng;LI Jiachen;MA Yao;WANG Yu;WANG Yachao;WANG Changyu(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;China Automotive Technology Research Center Co.,Tianjin 300300,China;School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]中国汽车技术研究中心有限公司,天津300300 [3]清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京100084

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报》2025年第4期402-408,共7页Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52172337)。

摘　　要：为探究基于制动惯性实验台的不同驾驶循环刹车颗粒物排放特性,在密封采样仓内分别进行WLTC循环和US06循环等效制动排放试验,测量了10 nm~10μm粒径范围的刹车颗粒物排放.研究发现多次US06循环测试中,每次循环前四次工况排放的100 nm粒径以上的颗粒物数量结果重复性差,且行程动力学参数(v·a)增大会导致所有粒径的颗粒物生成数量的稳定性变差;100 nm粒径以上颗粒物对刹车颗粒物质量浓度的贡献大,而刹车颗粒物数量浓度排放则更多由10~100 nm小粒径颗粒物决定.研究还发现颗粒物的生成与工况的加速度和速度密切相关,在车辆实际驾驶中,较高的行驶速度以及较大的刹车加速度都会促进100 nm以下小粒径颗粒物生成,而100 nm以上大颗粒的生成主要受到较大刹车加速度的影响,保持车速低于100 km/h、加速度低于2 m/s^(2)生成的大、小粒径颗粒物较少.对比US06循环和WLTC循环的高速度段与超高速段颗粒物排放数据,制动工况更为激烈的US06循环倾向于生成更多大粒径颗粒物,而WLTC循环超高速度段在小粒径颗粒物生成上更为显著.In order to investigate the emission characteristics of brake particulate matter under different deceleration braking conditions in the same cycle and under similar deceleration braking conditions in different cycles based on brake inertia test bench,some equivalent brake emission tests were conducted on WLTC cycle and US06 cycle in a sealed sampling compartment,and the emission of brake particulate matter with the particle size range of 10 nm~10μm was measured.The test results show that the number of particles above 100 nm particle size emitted in the first four conditions of each cycle is poorly reproducible in multiple US06 cycle tests,and that an increase in the travel dynamics parameter(v·a)can result in poorer stability of the number of particles generated for all particle sizes.Particles above 100 nm size can contribute significantly to the brake particulate matter mass concentration,while the brake particulate matter number(PN)concentration emissions are more determined by 10~100 nm small particle size of particulate matter.The test results also show that the generation of particulate matter is closely related to the acceleration and speed of the working conditions,in the actual driving of the vehicle,higher driving speeds as well as larger brake acceleration can promote the generation of small-size particulate matter below 100 nm,while the generation of large-size particulate matter above 100 nm is mainly af-fected by the larger brake acceleration.And it can make the generation of both large and small particles less at the same time to keep the speed of the vehicle lower than 100 km/h and acceleration lower than 2 m/s^(2).Compar-ing the particulate emissions data from the high speed and ultra-high speed segments between the US06 cycle and the WLTC cycle,the analysis process show the US06 cycle with more aggressive braking conditions tends to generate more large-size particles,whereas the WLTC cycle are more significant in terms of the generation of small-size particles in the ultra-high speed segments.

关 键 词：制动颗粒物 驾驶循环制动工况 颗粒物数量 颗粒物质量 粒径分布 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]