电动汽车动力电池组液冷板拓扑优化设计及数值分析  

Topology optimization design and numerical analysis of cooling plates for thermal management electric vehicle battery packs

作　　者：熊敏[1] 林传开 丁晓红[1] 李萌[1] 张横[1] Xiong Min;Lin Chuankai;Ding Xiaohong;Li Meng;Zhang Heng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai University of Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学机械工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《低温与超导》2025年第2期49-57,共9页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52375257)资助。

摘　　要：为了提高动力电池组液冷板的冷却效果并降低系统能耗,以热流固耦合下的换热量和出入口压降为目标,对液冷板进行了多目标优化设计,获得了优化的流道分布。针对电动汽车的三种典型工况,考虑不同充放电状态下电池内阻不同引起的电池产热变化,对动力电池组和和液冷板的整体结构进行了热流固耦合数值模拟,对比了采用传统直通液冷板与优化流道液冷板的动力电池组的最高温度、冷却速率、温度均匀性以及流道出入口压降。仿真结果表明,在高温快充工况下,优化流道液冷板相对直通道液冷板,电池组最高温度降低了14.6%,冷却速率提高了58.3%,进出口压降降低了5.36%,确保了电池工作过程中的温度均匀分布,有利于延长电池的使用寿命,提高系统稳定性,节约能源。To improve the thermal management performance of liquid-cooled plates for power battery packs while reducing system energy consumption,a multi-objective optimization design was conducted.The optimization targeted heat transfer and pressure drop at the inlet and outlet under thermo-fluid-solid coupling,leading to an optimized flow channel distribution.Con-sidering three typical operating scenarios of electric vehicles and accounting for variations in battery heat generation caused by differences in internal resistance during charging and discharging,a thermo-fluid-solid coupled numerical simulation was per-formed on the integrated structure of the battery pack and liquid-cooled plate.Key performance indicators,including maximum temperature,cooling rate,temperature uniformity,and inlet-outlet pressure drop,were compared between the conventional straight-through liquid-cooled plate and the optimized flow-channel design.Simulation results demonstrate that,under high-temperature fast-charging conditions,the optimized flow-channel liquid-cooled plate reduces the maximum temperature of the battery pack by 14.6%,enhances the cooling rate by 58.3%,and lowers the inlet-outlet pressure drop by 5.36%compared to the straight-through design.These improvements ensure a more uniform temperature distribution during battery operation,which is conducive to extending battery lifespan,enhancing system stability,and reducing energy consumption.

关 键 词：动力电池组 散热 液冷板 拓扑优化 热流固耦合 

分 类 号：TK124[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]