国家整合目标下公民概念重述  

On Interpretation of Citizenship from the Perspective of National Integration

作　　者：刘茹洁 韩大元[1] LIU Ru-jie;HAN Da-yuan

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2025年第2期97-108,共12页Contemporary Law Review

摘　　要：国家整合又称国家一体化,是指通过国家的经济、政治、文化等力量将国家内部的各个部分和要素结合为一个有机的整体的过程。宪法是实现国家整合的基石性制度工具,我国宪法上有“公民”和“人民”的二元主体表述,相较于人民概念,公民概念更适合发挥国家整合的功能。公民概念确保政治共同体成员与国家法秩序成员范围的一致,避免国家成员内部出现区分和对立。宪法塑造了政治共同体和社会共同体,公民身份随之二重化。公民不仅仅是政治共同成员,参与政治共同体的整合,还作为社会共同体成员,参与社会共同体的整合。公民概念并不包含某些实质标准,符合国籍这一形式要件的“每一个人”都是宪法上的公民,都能够被纳入到政治共同体和社会共同体之中。通过公民身份认同实现国家整合,需要价值认同、政治认同和社会认同三个方面的有机融合。The acknowledgement of identity as Citizenship(“gong min”)is of great importance in terms of national integration.Given that no consensus so far has been reached on the interpretation of Citizenship,it is worthwhile to probe into such interpretation therefore to achieve national integration.Compared with the concept of People(“ren min”),the concept of Citizenship functions as a better means to achieve the ends of national integration.In history,the creation of the dual system as Citizen⁃ship and People was intended to fill the gap between membership of the political community(sovereignty)and of the legal order(the governed).In the current Chinese Constitution though,mem⁃bership of the political community and of the legal order overlap without gap.Citizens not only are the subjects of sovereign construction,but also are the objects of governance.It is the concept of Citizenship that ensures the scope of membership of the sovereignty and the governed retaining the same,consequent⁃ly avoiding the separation or confrontation from inside,whereas the concept of People merely stands for a rhetorical people-oriented philosophy and sovereign-based statehood.In the early texts of the Chinese Constitution,the sovereignty,society and individuals were highly regarded as a whole.Back then,na⁃tional integration primarily relied upon political means.Citizens were mainly regarded as members of the political community,while its social identity was subordinate to its political identity.Considering that sovereignty and society are comparatively differentiated in the current Chinese Constitution which result in a manifestation of citizens'social identity,national integration in effect integrates both the political com⁃munity and the social community.While the Constitution shapes both the political community and the so⁃cial community,the latter has some degree of autonomy compared to the former.Hence national integra⁃tion should be conducted in both the political and the social domain instead of in the political

关 键 词：国家整合 公民 人民 共同体 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D921[政治法律—法学]