低盐条件下脊尾白虾养殖群体不同世代间遗传变异的微卫星分析  

Microsatellite analysis of genetic variation in different generations of Exopalaemon carinicauda breeding stock under low-salinity culture conditions

作　　者：张晓宇 梁俊平 李泽龙[1] 李慧 王先锋 李吉涛 ZHANG Xiaoyu;LIANG Junping;LI Zelong;LI Hui;WANG Xianfeng;LI Jitao(College of Fisheries,Henan Normal University,Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation,Xinxiang 453007,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学水产学院,河南省水产动物养殖工程技术研究中心,河南新乡453007 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2025年第1期14-23,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2401001);国家自然科学基金项目(32072974);河南省重点科技攻关项目(202102110257);河南师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(20230250)。

摘　　要：为了揭示低盐养殖条件下脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)养殖群体连续世代间的遗传变异,采用微卫星分子标记分析了脊尾白虾2021—2023年间4个连续世代GP2~GP5养殖群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化。实验结果显示,对11个微卫星位点进行扩增,共检测到70个等位基因,片段长度在138~296 bp之间,10个位点表现为中高度多态。GP2~GP5养殖群体的平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.504、0.555、0.499和0.416,平均期望杂合度(H_(e))分别为0.564、0.546、0.554和0.550,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.518、0.483、0.489和0.490。GP2~GP5相邻世代养殖群体间的遗传分化水平逐渐加剧,表现为弱分化,相邻世代之间基因交流较为充分(N_(m)=11.32~14.62),但逐渐降低;聚类分析显示4个世代养殖群体间遗传组成具有差异,Structure Selector分析最佳K值为2。脊尾白虾不同世代的有效群体大小(N_(e))为3.1~37.1,群体内部存在近交现象(F_(is)=0.061~0.212)。研究结果表明,低盐养殖条件下脊尾白虾第2代到第5代的遗传多样性较为丰富,处于中等水平,尚具有良好的选育潜力,但在今后的选育过程中仍需注意防止有效群体大小较低的问题,避免群体内近亲交配而导致优良性状丢失。研究结果为下一步制定脊尾白虾耐低盐新品种人工选育计划提供了遗传数据。The ridgetail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) is an important small to medium-sized economic species.Due to its strong reproductive capacity,fast growth,and excellent environmental adaptability,it has gradually become the main species for the development of saltwater aquaculture modes in China.However,like many aquaculture industries,robust genetic foundations are essential to ensure the growth and economic performance of breeding stock.It is necessary to continuously monitor the genetic variation in broodstock to maintain long-term sustainability.Eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of four consecutive generations (GP2–GP5) of an E.carinicauda breeding stock from 2021 to 2023 to reveal the genetic variation of different generations under low-salinity culture conditions.The results were as follows.A total of 11 microsatellite loci were amplified,and 70 alleles were detected,with fragment lengths ranging from 138 to 296 bp,of which 10 loci were moderately to highly polymorphic.The average observed heterozygosity (H_o) of GP2–GP5 breeding stock was 0.504,0.555,0.499,and0.416,respectively;the average expected heterozygosity (H_e) was 0.564,0.546,0.554,and 0.550,respectively;and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.518,0.483,0.489,and 0.490,respectively.The genetic diversity of white shrimp slightly declined with successive generations of breeding but remained at a moderate level.Genetic differentiation results indicated that the degree of genetic differentiation between adjacent generations gradually increased from GP2 to GP5,showing weak differentiation.Additionally,the sufficient genetic exchange (N_m=11.32–14.62) between adjacent generations of the breeding stock gradually decreased.Cluster analysis also showed differences in genetic composition between generations,with the optimal K value being 2.The effective population size of E.carinicauda in different generations ranged from 3.1 to 37.1individuals,and inbr

关 键 词：脊尾白虾 低盐 微卫星 遗传变异 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]