3~<6岁儿童患龋齿情况及其发病危险因素分析  

Investigation of caries and its risk factors in 3-<6 years children

作　　者：冯媚 原园 雷静[3] 范永博[1] 高强 索倩倩 赵蕾[1] 王向东 FENG Mei;YUAN Yuan;LEI Jing;FAN Yongbo;GAO Qiang;SUO Qianqian;ZHAO Lei;WANG Xiangdong(Department of Pediatrics,Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Baoji,Shaanxi 721000,China;Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology,Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Baoji,Shaanxi 721000,China;Institute Office,Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Baoji,Shaanxi 721000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿科,陕西宝鸡721000 [2]陕西省宝鸡市妇幼保健院五官科,陕西宝鸡721000 [3]陕西省宝鸡市妇幼保健院院办,陕西宝鸡721000

出　　处：《检验医学与临床》2025年第7期946-949,956,共5页Laboratory Medicine and Clinic

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-492);陕西省宝鸡市卫生健康委员会科研项目(2019-49)。

摘　　要：目的调查3~<6岁儿童患龋齿情况及其发病危险因素。方法选取2021年1月至2023年12月在该院进行口腔健康检查的254例3~<6岁儿童的临床资料进行研究。调查3~<6岁儿童患龋齿情况。分析不同患龋齿情况儿童的性别、年龄分布、饮食习惯、营养状况、Dentocult SM分度,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析3~<6岁儿童龋齿发病的危险因素。结果254例3~<6岁儿童中155例患龋齿,患龋齿率61.02%。按照是否患龋齿将其分为龋齿组(155例)与无龋齿组(99例)。龋齿组与无龋齿组年龄分布、喜好甜食比例、每日用餐次数、平均用餐时间、每日洗漱口腔次数、平均洗漱口腔时间、营养状况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。龋齿组与无龋齿组Dentocult SM分度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且Dentocult SM 3度儿童患龋齿率高于Dentocult SM 0度、Dentocult SM 1度儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,喜好甜食、每日用餐次数≥5次、每日洗漱口腔次数≤1次、Dentocult SM分度2~3度是3~<6岁儿童患龋齿的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论低龄儿童龋齿发病率较高,唾液变形链球菌感染易引发龋齿,应注意饮食习惯,保持口腔清洁,患龋齿儿童需预防营养不良发生。Objective To investigate caries and its risk factors in 3-<6 years children.Methods The clinical data were collected from 254 children with 3-<6 years who underwent oral health examination in Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023.The caries was investigated.The gender,age,dietary habits,nutritional status and Dentocult SM degree in children with different severity of caries were analyzed.The risk factors of caries were analyzed by nultivariate Logistic regression.Results Among 2543-<6 years children,155 children were found to have dental caries,with a caries incidence rate of 61.02%.According to whether they had dental caries,they were divided into dental caries group(155 cases)and non-dental caries group(99 cases).There were statistically significant differences in age distribution,sweet tooth preference ratio,daily meal frequency,daily meal time,daily frequency of oral hygiene,average oral hygiene time and malnutrition between the caries group and the non-dental caries group(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the Dentocult SM grading between the dental caries group and the non-dental caries group(P<0.05),and the incidence of dental caries in children with Dentocult SM grade 3 was higher than that in children with Dentocult SM grade 0 or 1,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that preference for sweets daily meal frequency≥5 times,daily frequency of oral hygiene≤1 time,and Dentocult SM scale of 2-3 degrees were risk factors for dental caries in 3-<6 years children(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of dental caries is high in young children.The saliva Streptococcus mutans infection is easy to cause dental caries.It is necessary to pay attention to dietary habits,keeping oral cleanliness and preventing malnutrition in children with dental caries.

关 键 词：儿童龋齿 饮食习惯 营养状态 唾液变形链球菌 

分 类 号：R788.1[医药卫生—口腔医学]