湘潭地区高职院校新生无偿献血认知现状和影响因素分析  

Analysis of the cognitive status and influencing factors of voluntary blood donation among higher vocational college freshmen in Xiangtan area

作　　者：龚阳清 谭景 袁峥嵘 戴晓丹 GONG Yangqing;TAN Jing;YUAN Zhengrong;DAI Xiaodan(Xiangtan Central Blood Station,Xiangtan 411102;Hunan Mass Media Vocational and Technical College,Changsha 410100,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭市中心血站,湖南湘潭411102 [2]湖南大众传媒职业技术学院,湖南长沙410100

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2025年第10期13-17,共5页Clinical Research and Practice

基　　金：湘潭市2023年指导性科技计划项目(No.SF-ZDJH20231050)。

摘　　要：目的分析湘潭地区高职院校新生无偿献血认知现状和影响因素。方法于2023年10月选取湘潭地区某高职院校2192名新生,制定计分式问卷,调查学生的基本信息、无偿献血知识、新生献血意向及影响因素。结果共获得有效问卷2097份。无偿献血知识平均分为64.51分,法律法规和政策类知识平均得分率为62.07%,无偿献血基础知识类平均得分率为66.28%。献血后知识条目平均得分率低于献血前知识条目平均得分率。多数新生希望学校组织讲座、官网宣传和志愿者动员。不同性别、年龄、献血史高职新生的无偿献血意向比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。为社会做贡献对女生的驱动力更大(P<0.05);获得自尊和价值认可、获得学分或奖励、获得纪念品、想知道自己身体健康状况及同学、朋友、同事献而不好意思不献对男生的驱动力更大(P<0.05)。不同性别新生阻碍献血原因中认为身体条件不符合、太忙没有时间、工作人员态度不好、认为医院/血站以此牟利的占比比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论湘潭高职院校新生献血认知水平相对偏低,且意向受多元因素影响。需构建有效科普宣教模式,提升认知;提供高质量献血服务,增加献血参与率。Objective To analyze the cognitive status and influencing factors of voluntary blood donation among higher vocational college freshmen in Xiangtan area.Methods In October 2023,2192 freshmen from a higher vocational college in Xiangtan were selected to develop a scoring questionnaire to investigate their basic information,knowledge of voluntary blood donation,intention of blood donation and influencing factors.Results A total of 2097 valid questionnaires were obtained.The average score of voluntary blood donation knowledge was 64.51 points,the average score rate of laws and regulations and policies was 62.07%,and the average score rate of voluntary blood donation basic knowledge was 66.28%.The average score rate of knowledge items after blood donation was lower than that before blood donation.Most freshmen want the school to organize lectures,official website publicity and volunteer mobilization.There were significant differences in the intention of voluntary blood donation among freshmen with different gender,age and blood donation history(P<0.05).The driving force for girls to contribute to society was greater(P<0.05);the gaining self-esteem and value recognition,obtaining credits or rewards,obtaining souvenirs,wanting to know their own physical health status,and offering to classmates,friends,and colleagues but being embarrassed not to offer were more driving forces for boys(P<0.05).Among the reasons for the obstruction of blood donation by freshmen of different genders,the proportion of inconsistent physical conditions,too busy without time,poor attitude of staff,and hospitals/blood stations considered as profit-making were statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion The cognition of blood donation of freshmen in Xiangtan higher vocational college is low,and the intention is affected by multiple factors.It is necessary to construct an effective mode of popular science education to enhance cognition;provide high-quality blood donation services and increase blood donation participation rate.

关 键 词：无偿献血 认知水平 高职院校 新生 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]