通信系统发射通道的雷电防护设计  

Lightning protection design for transmission channels of communication systems

作　　者：杨康 行鸿彦[1] 王州龙 Yang Kang;Xing Hongyan;Wang Zhoulong(School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Signal&Communication Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100086,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院,南京210044 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司通信信号研究所,北京100086

出　　处：《电子测量技术》2025年第5期13-21,共9页Electronic Measurement Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62171228);国家自然科学基金高铁联合基金(U2268217)项目资助。

摘　　要：针对雷电电磁脉冲侵入通信系统发射通道,导致功率放大器受到干扰,甚至是毁伤的问题,据此设计一种雷电防护模块,实现对雷电电磁脉冲的幅值和特定频率分量的下降,保护功率放大器不受雷电侵入的影响。模块包括瞬态防护电路和滤波电路,瞬态防护电路主要是限制雷电感应电压并转移由雷电引起的相关电流;滤波电路则是对雷电1 MHz以下的低频分量进行抑制。将通信系统发射通道进行简化后,安装防护模块并仿真进行8/20μs的雷电流侵入,功率放大器峰值功率不会超过30 dBm,小于可耐受的峰值阈值功率范围的最小值。实验对简化后的发射通道进行雷电电磁脉冲的侵入,通过增益数据显示,放大器在中心频率144 MHz处未出现明显的增益压缩,说明防护模块可以有效保护敏感器件。In view of the problem that the lightning electromagnetic pulse invades the transmission channel of the communication system,resulting in interference or even damage to the power amplifier,a lightning protection module is designed to realize the decrease of the amplitude and specific frequency components of the lightning electromagnetic pulse,and protect the power amplifier from the influence of lightning intrusion.The module comprises a transient protection circuit and a filtering circuit,and the transient protection circuit is mainly to limit the lightning-induced voltage and transfer the relevant current caused by lightning;the filter circuit suppresses the low-frequency components of lightning below 1 MHz.After simplifying the transmission channel of the communication system,installing the protection module and simulating the lightning current intrusion of 8/20μs,the peak power of the power amplifier will not exceed 30 dBm,which is less than the minimum value of the tolerable peak threshold power range.The experiment carries out the intrusion of lightning electromagnetic pulse on the simplified transmission channel,and the gain data shows that there is no obvious gain compression of the amplifier at the center frequency of 144 MHz,which indicates that the protection module can effectively protect the sensitive components.

关 键 词：雷电防护 瞬态防护电路 滤波电路 增益压缩 

分 类 号：TN820[电子电信—信息与通信工程]