基于随机森林算法的大电网动态等值方法  

Dynamic Equivalence Method for Large⁃scale Power Systems Based on the Random Forest Algorithm

作　　者：雷傲宇 李俊 梅勇[1] 童宁 王裕 吴为 LEI Aoyu;LI Jun;MEI Yong;TONG Ning;WANG Yu;WU Wei(CSG Power Dispatching Control Center,Guangzhou 510663,Guangdong,China;School of Automation,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China;CSG Electrical Power Research Institute,Guangzhou 510663,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国南方电网电力调度中心,广东广州510663 [2]广东工业大学自动化学院,广东广州510006 [3]南方电网科学研究院,广东广州510663

出　　处：《电气传动》2025年第4期26-32,共7页Electric Drive

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62273107);中国南方电网公司科技项目(0000002022030101FK00007);广东省自然科学基金(2023A1515240082,2024A1515012720)。

摘　　要：电力系统暂态电压、功角、频率的稳定分析往往基于短时间尺度的机电暂态仿真,需要借助一个较为精确的大型仿真模型,不但仿真效率低,且耗时较长,由此催生出了大电网动态等值的需求。然而,随着新能源比例不断提升,大电网逐渐呈现出了新型电力系统的一些独有特性,其系统惯量、频率时空分布、调频资源分布差异更为显著,传统基于慢同调理论的动态等值方法逐渐难以保证精度。为解决这些问题,在前期工作基础上,提出了一种基于随机森林法的大电网动态等值方法。首先将大电网划分为研究区域和外部区域,然后将区域间联络线对侧的外部区域等效为若干受随机森林算法控制的非线性动态负荷。利用原始模型联络线的电压/无功、频率/有功关系训练随机森林算法。建立基于PSS/E与Matlab平台的联合仿真模型实现等值后的简化模型机电暂态仿真,并利用Python环境实现两者之间的信息交互与仿真控制。给出了美国东北电网的简化结果,并与现有方法进行了对比,结果显示所提出方法能够较好权衡仿真精度与控制稳定性。The stability analysis of power system transient voltage,power angle,and frequency is often based on short-time-scale electromechanical transient simulation,which requires a relatively accurate large-scale simulation model,which not only has low simulation efficiency but also takes a long time,thus giving rise to the demand for dynamic equivalence of large power grids.However,as the proportion of new energy increases,the power system gradually presents some unique characteristics of new power systems,with more significant differences in system inertia,frequency spatiotemporal distribution,and frequency modulation resource distribution.Conventional dynamic equivalence methods based on slow coherence theory are gradually difficult to ensure accuracy.To solve these problems,based on previous work,a large power grid dynamic equivalence method based on random forest algorithm was proposed.First,the large power system was divided into the study area and the external area.Then the external area on the opposite side of the study area tie line was equivalent to several nonlinear dynamic loads controlled by the random forest algorithm.The random forest algorithm was trained using the original model tie line's voltage/reactive power and frequency/active power relationships.A joint simulation model based on PSS/E and Matlab platform was established to achieve equivalent simplified electromechanical transient simulation,and Python environment was used to achieve information exchange and simulation control between them.Simplified results for the Northeastern United States power grid was presented and compared them with existing methods.The results show that the proposed method can effectively balance simulation accuracy and control stability.

关 键 词：大电网 动态等值 随机森林算法 联合仿真 

分 类 号：TM712[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]