基于反溯法的布朗运动实验仪开发与创新思维培养  

Development of brownian motion experiment instrument based on backtracking method and cultivation of innovative thinking

作　　者：邱红梅[1] 吴平 张师平[1] 李莉 谢子昂 陈森 QIU Hong-mei;WU Ping;Zhang Shi-ping;Li Li;Xie Zi-ang;Chen Sen(School of Mathematics and Physics,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083;Basic Experimental Center for Natural Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学数理学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学自然科学基础实验中心,北京100083

出　　处：《大学物理》2025年第2期66-71,共6页College Physics

基　　金：北京科技大学教育教学改革与研究项目(JG2023M35;JG2023ZD06)资助。

摘　　要：本文以布朗运动为例,从背景溯源、原理解析、仪器开发、教学方案设计等多方面阐述了在数字时代的大背景下,通过可视化和量化微粒在流体中的随机运动,帮助学生理解随机性、热运动等统计物理的核心概念.教学设计以反溯教学法为基础,突出理论体系的整体建构,通过“引、溯、学、践、思、用”,将创新思维能力培养贯穿在大学物理实验教学的全过程.通过开发可用于大面积推广的教学仪器,复现并拓展经典物理实验,让学生从实践中深入了解发现问题、提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的基本方法及科学研究的完整链条,提升学生创新思维能力和整体科学素养,实现实验教学功能最大化.Using Brownian motion as an example,this paper visually and quantitatively explains core concepts of statistical physics such as randomness and thermal motion in fluid by utilizing modern tools.The teaching design is based on the backtracking teaching method,emphasizing the overall construction of the theoretical system.Through the stages of introduction,retroaction,learning,practice,thinking,and application,innovative thinking ability is cultivated throughout the entire process of college physics experiment teaching.By developing teaching instruments for widespread use,classical physics experiments are replicated and expanded upon to deepen students’understanding of finding,raising,analyzing and solving problems as well as the complete chain of scientific research from practical experience.This approach enhances students’innovative thinking ability,and overall scientific literacy while maximizing the effectiveness of experimental teaching.

关 键 词：反溯教学法 教学仪器开发 布朗运动 创新思维能力 

分 类 号：O4-1[理学—物理]