考虑灾民公平感知差异的震后应急物流选址-分配双层多目标优化模型  

A bi-level multi-objective model for post-earthquake emergency logistics location-allocation considering fairness perception differences

作　　者：牛帅芳 张文凯 王烁燚 吴阳 何大义 彭磊 NIU Shuaifang;ZHANG Wenkai;WANG Shuoyi;WU Yang;HE Dayi;PENG Lei(School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;School of Management,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China;School of Economics and Management,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]武汉科技大学管理学院,湖北武汉430081 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)经济管理学院,湖北武汉430078

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2025年第2期89-102,共14页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72001193);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJC630217);湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2024AFA015)。

摘　　要：及时有效地调配应急物资对确保震后救援行动的高效进行至关重要。考虑实际物资分配过程中决策主体、决策目标和决策变量的差异性,构建了以物资在途时间最短、分配不公平程度最低为上层目标,物资使用效用最大为下层目标的震后应急物流选址-分配双层多目标优化模型。考虑到嫉妒和同情2类情绪会导致灾民对公平感知的差异,提出了一个包含灾情严重程度、物资类别和灾民态度差异的公平衡量方式,并以2025年西藏定日地震为案例验证了模型的有效性并进行了相关分析。结果表明:双层多目标优化模型可以充分保障下层决策者的目标;在灾情较轻需求点,2类情绪的比值会显著影响物资分配结果;临时分配中心的数量仅影响物资在途时间;决策者风险规避态度的增强会减少物资在途时间、增加分配不公平程度与物资使用效用。Effective post-earthquake rescue operations depend critically on timely and efficient supply allocation.This study addresses the inherent challenges posed by diverse decision-makers,competing objectives and decision-variables in real-world supply distribution by developing a bi-level multi-objective optimization model specifically designed for post-earthquake emergency logistics.The model minimizes the in-transit time of supplies and distribution inequity at the upper level while simultaneously maximizing supply utilization utility at the lower level.To account for fairness perceptions,driven by envy and sympathy among affected individuals,we introduce a comprehensive fairness measurement framework that integrates three key dimensions:disaster severity,supply categories,and variations in recipients’attitudes.Using 2025 Dingri County earthquake in Xizang as a case study,we rigorously validate the model’s effectiveness.The results demonstrate that the bi-level model successfully preserves the objectives of lower-level decision-makers;the envy-to-sympathy ratio at less severely affected sites significantly influences supply allocation outcomes;the number of temporary distribution centers exclusively affects the transit time of supplies,without altering other distribution metrics;the enhancement of decision-makers’risk-aversion attitude reduces the in-transit time of supplies,increases unfairness,and enhances supply utilization utility.

关 键 词：震后救援 应急物流 选址-分配 公平感知差异 双层多目标优化模型 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X913