地下滴灌埋深对棉田根系分布与土壤水盐运移的影响  

Effect of the depths of subsurface drip irrigation on cotton root distribution and soil water-salt transport

作　　者：赵豫浙 张耀珑 盛统民 任卫东 陈文岭 ZHAO Yuzhe;ZHANG Yaoong;SHENG Tongmin;REN Weidong;CHEN Wening(School of Environment Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,China;Water Conservancy Research Institute of Bayinguoleng Administration,Tarim River Basin,Korla 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430078 [2]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [3]塔里木河流域巴音郭楞管理局水利科研所,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2025年第2期321-332,共12页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42372290);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900805-1、2022YFC3703702)。

摘　　要：地下滴灌是节水灌溉的有效措施之一,具有节水抑盐、增产稳产的优点。探究地下滴灌不同埋深根区土壤水盐及根系的空间分布规律,对于确定干旱区棉田最适宜的地下滴灌埋管深度具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。通过野外微区试验,设置T1(0 cm)、T2(5 cm)、T3(15 cm)和T4(30 cm)4个滴灌带埋深处理组,对比分析棉花各生育期内不同滴灌带埋深下的土壤含水率、电导率和棉花根系的空间分布规律。结果表明:在整个生育期内,棉花根系较集中分布于土壤0~30 cm浅层区域,且由于根系的向水性和向重性,其有向滴头生长的趋势,从铃期到吐絮期,T3处理组棉花根系生长最快;T2处理组和T3处理组由于滴灌带距离根系发育位置较近,可直接将水分输入根系附近,利于根系吸水发育;由于灌溉水下渗和棉花根系吸水作用,生育期内T3处理组剖面平均电导率最低。因此,综合分析棉花根系发育和根区土壤水盐及最终产量,建议采用地下滴灌埋深15 cm的模式,使得灌溉水更多地向根系发育密集处聚集且促进盐分淋洗排出,达到节水控盐效果,促进根系生长和棉花增产。Subsurface drip irrigation is one of the effective measures for water-saving irrigation,with the advantages of water-saving,salt suppression,and increased and stable yields.It is of great scientific significance and practical value to explore the spatial distribution of water,salt and roots in the root zone of different burial depths of subsurface drip irrigation for determining the most suitable burial depth of underground pipes in cotton fields in arid areas.Through field micro-plot experiments,four drip tape burial depth treatments,namely T1(0 cm),T2(5 cm),T3(15 cm),and T4(30 cm),were set up to analyze and compare the spatial distribution patterns of soil moisture content,electrical conductivity,and cotton root systems at different burial depths of drip tape during various growth stages of cotton.The results show that throughout the growth period,cotton root systems are more concentrated in the shallow soil layer of 0-30 cm,and due to the root’s hydrotropism and gravitropism,they tend to grow towards the drip head.From the flowering to boll-opening stage,the cotton root system growth is the fastest in the T3 treatment.The T2 treatment,being closer to the development position of the root system,can directly input water near the root system,facilitating root water absorption and development.Due to irrigation water infiltration and cotton root water absorption,the average electrical conductivity profile of the T3 treatment is the lowest during the growth period.Therefore,based on comprehensive analysis of cotton root development,soil water-salt conditions,and final yield,it is recommended to adopt the subsurface drip irrigation burial depth of 15 cm,which allows irrigation water to gather more towards the densely developed root system and facilitates salt leaching,thereby achieving water-saving and salt control effects,and promoting root growth and increasing cotton yield.

关 键 词：地下滴灌 滴管埋深 根系分布 土壤水盐运移 生育期动态 

分 类 号：X171.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]