基于生态系统崩溃风险的华南沿岸海草床生态系统退化评估  

Ecosystem degradation assessment of seagrass beds along the South China coast based on ecosystem collapse risk

作　　者：奉龄洋 张典 陈彬 阚志毅 林金兰 陈光程 马志远 方秦华 俞炜炜 FENG Ling-yang;ZHANG Dian;CHEN Bin;KAN Zhi-yi;LIN Jin-lan;CHEN Guang-cheng;MA Zhi-yuan;FANG Qin-hua;YU Wei-wei(Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen 361005,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Protection and Restoration in Fujian Province,Xiamen 361005,China;College of the Environment&Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Guangxi Academy of Oceanology,Nanning 530022,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室,福建厦门361005 [3]厦门大学环境与生态学院,福建厦门361102 [4]广西壮族自治区海洋研究院,广西南宁530022

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2025年第4期2197-2207,共11页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFF0802203);科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY100804)。

摘　　要：准确评估海草床生态系统的退化状况是制定有效保护和修复决策的基础.然而,现有的海草床生态退化评估多从健康的角度开展,忽略了退化的终点及其在退化过程中的临界水平.以生态系统崩溃作为退化终点,从生态风险角度,借鉴生态系统红色名录评估框架,综合考虑生境范围退化、非生物环境退化和生物过程退化三大准则,建立了海草床生态系统退化评估框架.并以华南沿岸14个海草床分布区作为研究对象,进行了实证研究.评估结果显示,唐家湾海草床达到极度退化水平,柘林湾等8处海草床为严重退化(57%),黎安港海草床为中度退化,流沙湾等4处海草床轻度退化(29%).在三大评估准则中,生物过程是华南沿岸海草床退化的主要表现形式.本文从生态系统崩溃风险的角度出发,构建了海草床生态系统退化评估框架,为评估海草床乃至其他生态系统退化状态提供了新的视角,为生态系统保护与修复工作提供重要决策支持.Accurately assessing the degradation status of seagrass bed ecosystems was essential for formulating effective protection and restoration decisions However,existing assessments of seagrass bed ecological degradation were primarily conducted from the health perspective,neglecting the endpoint of degradation and its critical levels during the degradation process.This study took ecosystem collapse as the endpoint of degradation and,from an ecological risk perspective,the assessment framework of the Red List of Ecosystems was drawn upon.Three main criteria—habitat range degradation,abiotic environmental degradation,and biological process degradation—were integrated to establish an assessment framework for seagrass bed ecosystem degradation.Fourteen seagrass bed distribution areas along the South China coast were selected for empirical study.The assessment results showed that the seagrass bed in Tangjiawan had reached an extremely degraded level.Eight seagrass beds,such as Zhelin Bay,were severely degraded(57%);the seagrass bed in Li'an Port was moderately degraded;and four seagrass beds,such as Liusha Bay,were slightly degraded(29%).Among the three major assessment criteria,biological processes were identified as the main manifestation of seagrass bed degradation along the South China coast.From the perspective of ecosystem collapse risk,a framework for assessing seagrass bed ecosystem degradation was constructed,providing a new perspective for evaluating the degradation status of seagrass beds and other ecosystems,and offering important decision-making support for ecosystem conservation and restoration.

关 键 词：海草床生态系统 退化评估 生态系统崩溃 生态系统红色名录 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]