从技治主义到技术民主: 教育人工智能价值对齐何以可能  

From Technocracy to Technodemocracy:Exploring the Possibility of Value Alignment in Educational Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：孙田琳子 徐智 张亮[1,3] Sun Tianlinzi;Xu Zhi;Zhang Liang(School of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023;School of Educational Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学学院,南京210023 [2]南京邮电大学教育科学与技术学院,南京210023 [3]教育部

出　　处：《远程教育杂志》2025年第2期3-9,30,共8页Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：2024年国家社会科学基金青年项目“人工智能社会风险敏捷治理的中国方案研究”(项目编号:24CKS060)的研究成果。

摘　　要：随着DeepSeek等大语言模型的现象级开源,面向全民、社会共享的人工智能时代正式开启。从理性至上的技治主义到公众参与的技术民主治理范式的转型路径,启发教育工作者思考如何在数字时代实现智能技术与教育价值的对齐。文章首先从教育的现实性价值和可能性价值出发,分析智能时代教育价值实践中的技治主义隐忧,并在技术哲学立场下阐述人机价值对齐的逻辑困境;进而在技术民主治理思路转向的背景下,探讨价值对齐的突破路径及其对教育人工智能价值对齐的启示,从“行为—意图—激励”等对齐维度探寻教育人工智能价值对齐的三重路径;最终,从以技治技、开源共塑、人机共进等维度,阐述教育人工智能价值对齐的实践路径,并从长期主义视角呼吁教育复归以人为本的价值取向,以期为我国教育人工智能治理体系提供理论参考。The open-sourcing of large language models such as DeepSeek marks the advent of an era in which artificial intelligence(AI)becomes universally accessible and socially shared.This shift from technocracy,grounded in a rationalist perspective,to technological democracy,characterized by public participation,prompts educators to reconsider how intelligent technologies can align with educational values in the digital age.This paper begins by examining both the current and potential values of education,identifying the technocratic risks embedded in value practices under intelligent systems,and analyzing the inherent dilemmas of human-machine value alignment from the perspective of the philosophy of technology.It then explores potential breakthroughs inspired by the shift toward democratic governance of technology,proposing a tripartite framework for value alignment in educational AI across three dimensions:behavior,intention,and incentive.Finally,the paper outlines practical strategies for achieving value alignment through technological self-governance,open-source co-creation,and human–machine co-evolution.Emphasizing a longterm,human-centered approach,this study aims to contribute theoretical insights to the development of educational AI governance framework in China.

关 键 词：技治主义 技术民主 教育人工智能 价值对齐 

分 类 号：G40-057[文化科学—教育学原理]