不稳定平面Plyometric训练对运动员神经-肌肉功能及灵敏素质的影响  

Effect of Unstable Surface Plyometric Training on Neuromuscular Function and Agility of Athletes

作　　者：郭春杰 郝鑫鑫[2] 周越[1] 于亮[1] GUO Chunjie;HAO Xinxin;ZHOU Yue;YU Liang(Department of Exercise Physiology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Military and Political Basic Education,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410072,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动生理学教研室,北京100084 [2]国防科技大学军政基础教育学院,长沙410072

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2025年第1期96-107,共12页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFF0300405);航天医学基础与应用国家重点实验室开放课题(SMFA20K04)。

摘　　要：目的首先探索Plyometric训练最佳高度范围,进而探讨4周,每周2次稳定与不稳定平面训练对灵敏素质的长期效应。方法40名受试者,依据30 m×2蛇形跑成绩随机分为稳定平面Plyometric训练组(SP)､不稳定平面训练组(UP)与对照组(C)。采用摸高器和Delsys Trigno表面肌电仪测试受试者从15 cm､30 cm､45 cm､60 cm高度落下后反射性跳起高度和肌电数据,得出最佳训练高度,应用于4周训练干预。分析训练前后纵跳､Illinois灵敏和30 m×2蛇形跑成绩,股直肌､腓肠肌内侧头､股二头肌长头､胫骨前肌厚度及素质测试时肌电变化。组内比较采用配对样本t检验,组间比较采用单因素协方差分析。结果(1)跳箱高度低于45 cm时,反射性跳起高度与肌肉激活程度随下落高度增加而增加,当跳箱高度为60 cm时,反射性跳起高度较45 cm明显下降(P<0.05)。(2)训练干预后纵跳成绩SP组与UP组均较前测和C组有显著性差异(P<0.05),且SP组比UP组高1.57 cm(P<0.05)。Illinois灵敏:SP组､UP组成绩较前测与C组均有显著性提高(P<0.05)。30 m×2蛇形跑:SP组､UP组成绩较前测和C组均有显著性提高(P<0.01)。结论(1)45 cm高度是有训练经历人群进行以“跳深”为代表的Plyometric训练最佳高度。(2)4周不同平面Plyometric训练可有效提高纵跳､Illinois灵敏与30 m×2蛇形跑成绩。(3)不同平面Plyometric训练通过缩短变速/变向时离心-向心时间,来提高灵敏素质。稳定平面更利于提高离心制动能力,不稳定平面更有利于发展向心蹬伸力。Objective The research first explored the optimal height range of Plyometric training.Then,the long-term effects of stable and unstable landing surface plyometric training twice a week for 4 weeks on the agility were studied.Methods According to the results of 30 m×2 serpentine test,40 subjects were randomly divided into stable surface Plyometric training group(SP),unstable surface training group(UP)and control group(C).Reflexively jumping height and EMG data were collected from 15 cm,30 cm,45 cm and 60 cm by height touch device and surface EMG instrument Delsys Trigno,and the optimal training height was obtained,which was applied in the 4-week training intervention.The results of vertical jump,Illinois agility and 30 m×2 serpentine test,the thickness of rectus femoris muscle,medial head of gastrocnemius muscle,long head of biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscle and EMG were analyzed before and after training.Paired samples t-test was used for intra-group comparisons,and one-way analysis of covariance was used for inter-group comparisons.Results(1)When the drop jump height was lower than 45 cm,the reflexive jump height and the degree of muscle activation increased with the increase of the fall height.When the jump box height was 60 cm,the reflexive jump height decreased significantly,and there was a significant difference compared with 45 cm(P<0.05).(2)After training intervention,the vertical jump of SP group and UP group were significantly different from those of pre-test and C group(P<0.05),and SP group was 1.57 cm higher than UP group(P<0.05).Illinois:the performance of SP group and UP group was significantly improved compared with the pre-test and C group(P<0.05).30 m×2 serpentine test:the performance of SP group and UP group was significantly improved compared with the pre-test and C group(P<0.01).Conclusion(1)The optimal drop height for plyometric training is 45 cm for trained individuals.(2)4 weeks of plyometric training on different surfaces effectively enhance vertical jump,Illinois agility,and 3

关 键 词：灵敏素质 爆发力 Plyometric训练 离心收缩 肌肉激活 

分 类 号：G804.21[文化科学—运动人体科学]