徐紫薯8号优选栽插密度与氮钾施肥方案研究  

Research on optimal planting density and nitrogen and potassium fertilization scheme of Xuzishu 8

作　　者：刘明 靳容[1] 于永超 赵鹏 张强强 朱晓亚 王静[1] 唐忠厚[1] LIU Ming;JIN Rong;YU Yong-chao;ZHAO Peng;ZHANG Qiang-qiang;ZHU Xiao-ya;WANG Jing;TANG Zhong-hou(Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality in Xuzhou,Xuzhou Jiangsu 221131)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所/国家土壤质量徐州观测实验站,江苏徐州221131

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2025年第2期145-154,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021311)。

摘　　要：为筛选徐紫薯8号适宜的栽插密度和氮钾肥施用水平,选取栽插密度(D,5.25万、6.00万和6.75万株·hm^(-2))、施氮量(N,0、45、90 kg·hm^(-2))和施钾(K_(2)O)量(K,0、120、240 kg·hm^(-2))作为影响因素,设计三因素三水平正交试验,通过极差分析、方差分析和多重比较,评价不同处理组合对徐紫薯8号产量、营养品质和淀粉糊化特征的影响,以确定最佳的栽培方案。结果表明,(1)密度和钾肥水平对徐紫薯8号块根产量有显著影响,密度水平对地上部生物量和根冠比有显著影响。2022和2023年块根产量均为D3N1K3处理组最高,分别比最低组D1N1K1显著高出44.1%和28.8%。极差分析结果表明影响块根产量的3个因素主次顺序为D>K>N,最优组合为D3N2K3。(2)氮肥对淀粉、还原糖和蛋白质含量的影响最大(R值分别为24.9、15.9和9.0),密度对可溶性糖含量的影响最大(R=20.1)。还原糖和可溶性糖含量最高的组合为D3N1K3,多重比较与极差分析结果一致。(3)块根淀粉糊化的最高黏度、热浆黏度和冷浆黏度均在处理组D3N3K2最高(分别为6578、3252和4349 cP),而极差分析预测最高的为D3N3K3。(4)回归曲线方程显示,密度、施氮量和施钾量分别为6.75万株·hm^(-2)(D3)、48 kg·hm^(-2)(接近N2)和240 kg·hm^(-2)(K3)时,可获得最大块根产量27.07 t·hm^(-2),但营养品质和淀粉品质受到一定影响。综上,以徐紫薯8号产量为目标的最佳处理组合为密度6.75万株·hm^(-2)、N 48 kg·hm^(-2)、K_(2)O 240 kg·hm^(-2),可根据鲜食或淀粉用途对氮肥用量进行适当调整。To screen the suitable planting density and nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application level of Xuzishu 8,planting density(D,52500,60000,and 67500 plants·hm^(-2)),nitrogen fertilizer(N,0,45,and 90 kg·hm^(-2)),and potassium(K_(2)O)fertilizer(K,0,120,and 240 kg·hm^(-2))were chosen as influential factors,and an orthogonal experiment with three factors was devised.The impact of various treatment combinations on the yield,nutritional quality and starch paste characteristics of Xuzishu 8 were assessed through range analysis,variance analysis,and multiple comparison.Subsequently,an optimal cultivation strategy was determined.The results revealed that,(1)Planting density and potassium fertilizer levels significantly influenced the storage root yield of Xuzishu 8,and planting density level had a significant effect on the shoot biomass and root-shoot ratio.In both years studied(2022 and 2023),the highest yield was observed in treatment group D3N1K3,which was significantly higher than that in the lowest yield group D1N1K1 by 44.1%and 28.8%,respectively.The results of range analysis showed that the three factors affecting the tuber yield were in the order of density>potassium fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer,and the optimal combination was D3N2K3.(2)Nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest effect on the contents of starch,reducing sugar and protein(R values were 24.9,15.9 and 9.0,respectively),and density had the greatest effect on the content of soluble sugar(R=20.1).The combination with the highest content of reducing sugar and soluble sugar was D3N1K3,and the results of multiple comparison analysis and range analysis was consistent.(3)The peak viscosity,hot pulp viscosity and cold pulp viscosity of starch paste were the highest in D3N3K2 treatment group(6578,3252 and 4349 cP,respectively),while the highest treatment combination predicted by range analysis was D3N3K3.(4)-2 The regression curve equation revealed that the maximum storage root yield of 27.07 t·hm could be achieved at a density of 67500 plants(D3),nitrogen le

关 键 词：紫薯 密度 氮钾配比 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]