地震作用下黏滞-软钢阻尼器组合系统动力性能研究  

Research on the dynamic performance of the combined viscous-steel damping system under earthquakes

作　　者：杨孟刚[1] 张宏杰 郑朋飞 胡尚韬 YANG Menggang;ZHANG Hongjie;ZHENG Pengfei;HU Shangtao(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;CSSC Sunrui(Luoyang)Special Equipment Co.Ltd.,Luoyang 471000,China;Earthquake Engineering Research and Test Center,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中船双瑞(洛阳)特种装备股份有限公司,河南洛阳471000 [3]广州大学工程抗震研究中心,广东广州510006

出　　处：《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期1140-1152,共13页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278232);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(N2018G070);国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20240325);中国博士后科学基金会面上项目(2024M750618);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240278)。

摘　　要：大跨度桥梁具有刚度小、阻尼低的特性,在地震荷载下易发生过大纵向振动,需在梁端或塔梁间安装被动阻尼装置进行减震控制。本文针对大跨度桥梁采用纵向黏滞-软钢阻尼器组合系统(CVSDS),进行振动台试验和参数敏感性分析,探讨该系统在地震作用下的减震效果和鲁棒性。首先,基于Maxwell模型和双线性模型,提出黏滞-软钢阻尼器组合系统耦合力学分析模型,并通过滞回仿真验证其可行性;其次,基于单自由度体系,开展该组合系统的振动台试验,探究该系统在地震作用下的协同减震性能和动态锁定功能的实现;最后,以某大跨度悬索桥为例,利用BP神经网络和Sobol灵敏度分析讨论组合系统在阻尼系数、速度指数、初始刚度、屈服力和锁定力等核心参数随机变异下的鲁棒性,并获得了各项参数对其减震性能的贡献。结果表明:所提出的耦合力学模型能较好地表征组合系统的恢复力特性;组合系统在小震下未触发锁定,而强震下可及时激活锁定功能,该功能的触发取决于预设锁定力的大小;锁定前组合系统由黏滞阻尼器减震,锁定后则切换至软钢阻尼器工作,且减震效果显著;组合系统在不同强度地震作用下均具有良好的鲁棒性,小震下阻尼系数对减震率的影响最大,而大震下锁定力对减震率的贡献较大。Due to the characteristics of small stiffness and low damping,long-span bridges are prone to excessive vibration under earthquakes.Passive damping devices are usually installed at the girder end or between the girder and the tower for vibration control of the bridge.This study combined viscous-steel damping system(CVSDS)in long-span bridges.Shake table tests and parameter sensitivity simulations were conducted to investigate its vibration mitigation effectiveness and robustness under earthquakes.Firstly,the coupled mechanical analytical model of the CVSDS was proposed based on the Maxwell model and the Bilinear model.Its feasibility was verified by numerical simulation of cyclic loading.Subsequently,shake table tests based on a single-degree-offreedom system were conducted to explore the cooperative seismic mitigation performance and the activation of the locking function under earthquakes.Finally,the robustness of the CVSDS with stochastic variations of core parameters such as the damping coefficient,speed index,initial rigidity,yielding force and locking force was analyzed using the BP neural network,and the contributions of different parameters to its seismic mitigation effectiveness were obtained through the Sobol sensitivity analysis.The results indicate that the proposed analytical model can accurately reflect the restoring force characteristics of the CVSDS.The locking function of the CVSDS is insensitive to low-intensity loads,while high-intensity earthquakes can promptly trigger the locking function.The activation of the locking is based on the preset locking force.Before locking,the CVSDS relies on the viscous damper for seismic mitigation.After locking,it switches to the operation of the steel damper,with significant mitigation effectiveness.The system exhibits satisfactory robustness,with the damping coefficient having the greatest impact on the mitigation rate under small earthquakes,while the locking force makes a larger contribution during strong earthquakes.

关 键 词：黏滞-软钢阻尼器组合系统 地震作用 动力性能 振动台试验 鲁棒性 

分 类 号：U443.5[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] TU894[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]