减振轨道对城市轨道交通U梁低频噪声的影响  

Influence of mitigation track on low-frequency noise of U-shaped beam in urban rail transit

作　　者：刘全民[1] 苗毅飞 高亏 宋立忠 刘建红[2] 詹刚毅[2] LIU Quanmin;MIAO Yifei;GAO Kui;SONG Lizhong;LIU Jianhong;ZHAN Gangyi(State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China;China Railway Shanghai Design Institute Group Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 200070,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]中铁上海设计院集团有限公司,上海200070

出　　处：《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第3期1249-1258,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52068030,52372328,52378450);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20202ACB214005)。

摘　　要：基于车辆-轨道耦合振动模型计算轮轨相互作用力,采用FEM-BEM法计算普通道床、梯形轨枕和钢弹簧浮置板轨道下U梁20~315Hz范围内的结构噪声、轮轨噪声以及两者的总噪声,并进一步分析3种轨道形式下U梁场点结构噪声、轮轨噪声对上述频段总噪声的贡献量。研究结果表明:模型仿真值与实测数据吻合较好,可用于预测城市轨道交通高架段低频噪声;梁侧场点位置处,梯形轨枕和钢弹簧浮置板相比于普通轨道下的U梁结构噪声总声级最高分别降低16.0dB、37.2dB,轮轨噪声最高分别增加了26.3dB、23.3dB,综合噪声分别增加了18.6dB、14.3dB;减振轨道能够明显降低桥梁结构噪声,同时也在一定程度上增加了轮轨噪声;由于U梁腹板对轮轨噪声的遮蔽效应,普通轨道下梁侧噪声中桥梁结构噪声不可忽略,而梯形轨枕和钢弹簧浮置板轨道下U梁的结构噪声大幅减小,但轮轨噪声显著增大,导致梁侧噪声以轮轨噪声为主。The wheel-rail interaction force was obtained using a vehicle-track coupling vibration model.Then,the FEM-BEM method was used to calculate the low-frequency structure-borne noise,wheel-rail noise,and the total noise of the U-shaped beam paved with ordinary track,the trapezoidal sleeper,and the steel spring floating slab track in the frequency range of 20-315 Hz.Moreover,the contribution of the structure-borne noise and wheel-rail noise to the total noise of the U-shaped beam with three types of tracks was studied in the frequency band.The results show that the simulated values from the model are in good agreement with the measured data,verifying that the model can be used to predict low-frequency noise of the elevated urban rail transit.At the field points of the U-shaped beam side,the overall sound pressure levels of the U-shaped beam with the trapezoidal sleeper and steel spring floating plate are less than that with the ordinary track by 16.0 dB and 37.2 dB,respectively.However,the wheel-rail noise is increased by 26.3 dB and 23.3 dB,and the total noise is increased by 18.6 dB and 14.3 dB,respectively.The mitigation track can significantly reduce the structure-borne noise of the U-shaped beam bridge but leads to much larger wheel-rail noise.Due to the shielding effect of the U-shaped beam web on the wheel-rail noise,the structure-borne noise of the bridge in the beam side noise under the ordinary track cannot be ignored.The side noise of the U-shaped beam with the trapezoidal sleeper and the steel spring floating slab track is dominated by wheel-rail noise owing to the large decrease of structure-borne noise and the significant increase of wheel-rail noise.

关 键 词：高架轨道交通 U梁 减振轨道 轮轨噪声 结构噪声 

分 类 号：U239.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]