面向煤矿挖掘勘探的随掘超前探测及地震震源特征研究  

Research on advanced detection and seismic source characteristics for coal mine excavation and exploration

作　　者：刘旭东 Liu Xudong(CHN Energy Xinjiang Energy Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]国家能源集团新疆能源有限责任公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《能源与环保》2025年第3期129-135,共7页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

摘　　要：针对煤矿开采中的随掘超前探测问题,将掘进机震源特征分析与直流电阻率法相结合,提出一种新的超前探测模型。首先,通过分析掘进机振幅分布及震源特征来识别前方岩层情况;然后,构建了随掘超前探测模型,利用掘进机震动产生的电流和电阻率变化来探测地质结构;最后,通过模拟实验对低阻含水带和高阻断层进行探测效果分析,证实模型能够有效预测工作面前方地质情况。结果表明,在探测低阻含水带时,视电阻率可以降至低于377.87Ω·m;而探测高阻断层时,视电阻率可上升至588.27Ω·m,电位值从6.5 V降低至4.5 V。通过掘进机产生的震动信号,结合地震波特性和直流电阻率的差异,针对性地识别地质隐患,改进了单一方法的局限性,为超前探测提供了一种多维度的评估手段。此模型允许在实际开采过程中以掘进机为震源,通过测点的电位变化来推断地下地质异常,提高了探测的实用性和精确度,对于复杂地质条件下的超前探测具有重要意义。Aiming at the problem of advanced detection in coal mining,a new model of advanced detection was proposed by combining the analysis of the seismic source characteristics of roadheaders with the direct current resistivity method.Firstly,by analyzing the amplitude distribution of the roadheader and the seismic source characteristics,the condition of the rock formation in front of the roadheader was identified.Then,a detection model was constructed to detect the geological structure by using the current and resistivity changes generated by the vibration of the roadheader.Through the simulation experiment,the detection effect of low-resistivity water-bearing zone and high-blocking faults were analyzed,and it was proved that the model can effectively predict the geological situation in front of the working face.The apparent resistivity can be reduced to less than 377.87Ω·m when detecting the low-resistance water-bearing zone.When detecting the high-blocking faults,the apparent resistivity can be increased to 588.27Ω·m,and the potential value can be reduced from 6.5 V to 4.5 V.The results show that geological hidden danger can be identified by the vibration signal generated by the roadheader,combined with the characteristics of seismic waves and the differences in DC resistivity,geological hazards can be identified in a targeted manner,improving the limitations of a single method and providing a multidimensional evaluation tool for advanced detection.This model allows the use of roadheaders as the seismic source in actual mining processes,and infers underground geological anomalies through potential changes at measurement points,improving the practicality and accuracy of detection.It is of great significance for advanced detection under complex geological conditions.

关 键 词：超前探测 煤矿 地震震源 掘进机 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]