ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸防治阿尔茨海默病的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

作　　者：孙晨枫 任彬彬[2] SUN Chenfeng;REN Binbin(Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,School of Rehabilitation Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Rehabilitation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学康复医学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南中医药大学第一附属医院康复中心,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《中山大学学报(医学科学版)》2025年第2期210-220,共11页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

基　　金：中医药传承与创新人才工程(仲景工程)(CZ0325-10);2022年度河南省中医药拔尖人才培养项目专项课题(2022ZYBJ09)。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种与衰老相关的神经退行性疾病,其特征为神经纤维缠结、β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)斑块累积以及神经元死亡。这些病理改变导致了患者认知功能的逐渐衰退,最终影响日常生活能力。目前,AD的治疗手段相对有限,药物干预效果不佳且常伴有副作用。因此研究非药物治疗,特别是营养干预,显得尤为重要。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(ω-3PUFAs)是一类对健康至关重要的脂肪酸,主要存在于鱼油和某些植物油中。它们在抗炎、抗氧化、神经保护和免疫调节方面发挥着关键作用。流行病学证据和临床试验表明,ω-3PUFAs的补充与认知功能改善相关,尤其是在二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)的应用上显示出积极效果。本文综述了ω-3PUFAs在AD中的作用及其最新机制研究进展,重点关注其减少脑内Aβ沉积和Tau蛋白磷酸化、抑制氧化应激和神经炎症、维持血脑屏障完整性以及调控能量代谢等方面。然而,目前的研究结果仍存在不一致性,尤其是在不同基因型人群中的效果差异显著。因此,未来研究需进一步探讨ω-3PUFAs在早期干预中的作用,并优化其剂量和配方,以实现最佳的神经保护效果。此外,本文还基于现有研究提出了饮食建议和剂量推荐,期望为AD的预防和治疗提供新的方向。Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging,characterized by neurofibrillary tangles,accumulation of amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques,and neuronal death.These pathological changes lead to a gradual decline in cognitive function,ultimately impairing the ability to perform daily activities.Currently,treatment options for AD are limited,with pharmacological interventions often being ineffective and frequently accompanied by side effects.Therefore,the study of non-pharmacological therapies,especially nutritional interventions,has become particularly important.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3PUFAs)are essential fatty acids crucial for health,primarily found in fish oil and certain plant oils.They play a key role in anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,neuroprotective,and immunomodulatory activities.Epidemiological evidence and clinical trials have shown that supplementation withω-3PUFAs is associated with improved cognitive function,with particularly positive effects demonstrated in the use of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA).This article reviews the role ofω-3 PUFAs in AD and the latest advances in their mechanism of action,with a particular focus on their ability to reduce brain Aβdeposition and Tau protein phosphorylation,inhibit oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier,and regulate energy metabolism.However,current research findings remain inconsistent,especially regarding the significant differences in effects among individuals with different genotypes.Therefore,future studies need to further explore the role ofω-3 PUFAs in early intervention and optimize their dosage and formulations to achieve the best neuroprotective effects.Additionally,this article provides dietary recommendations and dosage suggestions based on existing research,hoping to offer new directions for the prevention and treatment of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸 神经保护 认知功能 非药物治疗 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]