环境污染物与儿童过敏性疾病相关性的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Correlation Between Environmental Pollutants and Allergic Diseases in Children

作　　者：贺雨 刘爱平 HE Yu;LIU Aiping(Public Health Service Center,Bao'An District,Shenzhen 518101,China;School of Public Health,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510080,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区公共卫生服务中心,广东深圳518101 [2]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080

出　　处：《中山大学学报(医学科学版)》2025年第2期257-265,共9页Journal of Sun Yat-Sen University:Medical Sciences

基　　金：深圳市宝安区医疗卫生科研项目(2024JD278)。

摘　　要：过敏性疾病对儿童健康的威胁愈发显著,其中环境污染物起到了关键作用。室内外空气污染(如颗粒物、氮氧化物、硫氧化物、臭氧等)、化学物质污染(如持久性有机污染物、重金属等)以及其他环境暴露因素(如绿地、病毒、气象条件、饮食等)均为儿童过敏性疾病的显著风险因素。特别是在胎儿期至婴幼儿期这一生命早期阶段,环境污染物的暴露对儿童免疫系统的发育及其未来过敏性疾病的发生风险有着深远影响。值得注意的是,在生命早期阶段,某些特定饮食成分(如特定脂肪酸、微生物、维生素等)以及母乳喂养可为儿童提供一定保护,降低过敏性疾病的发生率。然而,新兴持久性有机污染物(如氯化石蜡、多氟烷基物质)与儿童过敏性疾病之间的作用机制尚未完全明确;绿地及其所含物质对健康的潜在影响,以及家庭宠物饲养与儿童过敏性疾病之间的关系,仍是未来研究的重点方向。本文综述了近年来环境污染物与儿童过敏性疾病相关性的研究进展,剖析不同环境因素影响儿童健康的机制,旨在深入探讨环境污染物对儿童健康的影响,并为儿童过敏性疾病的预防与治疗提供科学依据。Allergic diseases pose an increasingly significant threat to children's health,with environmental pollutants playing a crucial role.Indoor and outdoor air pollution(such as particulate matter,nitrogen oxides,sulfur oxides,ozone,etc.),chemical contamination(such as persistent organic pollutants,heavy metals,etc.),and other environmental exposure factors(such as green spaces,viruses,meteorological conditions,diet,etc.)are all significant risk factors for allergic diseases in children.Particularly during the early life stages from the fetal period to infancy,exposure to environmental pollutants has a profound impact on the development of the immune system and the risk of future allergic diseases in children.It is worth noting that during these early life stages,certain specific dietary components(such as specific fatty acids,microorganisms,vitamins,etc.)and breastfeeding can provide some protection for children,reducing the incidence of allergic diseases.However,the mechanisms by which emerging persistent organic pollutants(such as chlorinated paraffins and perfluoroalkyl substances)interact with allergic diseases in children have not yet been fully elucidated.Additionally,the potential health impacts of green spaces and their components,as well as the relationship between household pet ownership and allergic diseases in children,remain key areas for future research.This article reviews the recent research progress on the correlation between environmental pollutants and allergic diseases in children,analyzes the mechanisms by which different environmental factors affect children's health,and aims to explore the impact of environmental pollutants on children's health in depth.It also provides a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children.

关 键 词：环境污染物 新污染物 过敏性疾病 儿童 环境暴露 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]