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作 者:李慧宁 邢星 李帅奇 王帅兵 陈卫[2] 祝贺 LI Huining(School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing,100191,China)
机构地区:[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191 [2]郑州大学第三附属医院保健部,河南郑州450052 [3]北京大学中国卫生发展研究中心,北京100191
出 处:《医学与社会》2025年第4期44-51,共8页Medicine and Society
基 金:国家自然科学基金资助项目,编号为71774006;河南省医学科技攻关计划联合共建项目,编号为LHGJ20230383。
摘 要:目的:分析河南省脱贫县农村婴幼儿健康养育照护行为,为制定针对性的脱贫县农村健康养育照护促进策略提供参考。方法:于2023年5-6月对河南省7个脱贫县农村婴幼儿看护人的健康养育照护行为进行调查,涵盖生长发育监测、营养与喂养、交流与玩耍、生活照护指导4个维度,共纳入研究样本2233人,采用潜类别分析对婴幼儿健康养育照护行为进行分类。结果:研究样本中,90.77%的婴幼儿每日户外运动时间为2小时及以上,88.89%总睡眠时间为8小时及以上;然而,87.95%不会或仅偶尔食用补铁食物,76.53%没有达到每日辅食种类不少于4种且包含动物性食物、蔬菜、谷薯类食物的摄入标准;55.40%的婴幼儿未定期体检。潜类别分析结果将健康养育照护行为分为5个类别:照护较好组(36.05%)、就餐习惯较好组(12.27%)、辅食添加较差组(26.29%)、辅食制作不合理组(22.79%)以及照护较差组(2.60%)。结论:河南省脱贫县农村婴幼儿在户外运动和睡眠方面表现较好,但在营养与喂养及生长发育监测方面仍需加强。建议政府部门继续加强对农村婴幼儿辅食添加和微量元素补充等薄弱环节的健康教育,并普及和推广健康养育照护指南。Objective:To investigate the healthy nurturing care behaviors for infants and young children in poverty-alleviated counties in rural Henan province,so as to provide references for the development of targeted rural healthy nurturing care promotion strategies in poverty-alleviated counties.Methods:A survey was conducted in seven poverty-alleviated counties in rural Henan province from May to June 2023 to examine the health nurturing care behaviors including developmental monitoring,nutrition and feeding,communication and play,and daily care guidance.A total of 2233 infants and young children were included in the study.Latent class analysis(LCA)was used to identify the pattern.Results:In the total sample,90.77%engaged≥2-hour outdoor activities per day,88.89%achieved a total sleep time of 8 hours or more.However,87.95%did not consume iron-rich foods regularly,76.53%did not eat≥4 types of food including animal-based food,vegetables,and grains/potatoes and 55.40%did not receive regular health check-ups.LCA results identified five classes:good care(36.05%),good eating habits(12.27%),poor complementary food feeding(26.29%),poor cooking(22.79%),and poor care(2.60%).Conclusion:The findings suggest that while rural infants and young children in poverty-alleviated counties in rural Henan province engage in sufficient outdoor activity and sleep,and more efforts are needed for improving feeding practices and developmental monitoring.It is recommended that the government should enhance health education initiatives focused on complementary feeding and trace element supplementation,as well as promote adherence to healthy nurturing care guidelines in rural areas.
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