不同形态烟梗常规化学成分及硝酸根和氨基酸含量的差异  

Differences in Conventional Chemical Component,Nitrate and Amino Acid Content of Different Shapes of Tobacco Stems

作　　者：沈晗[1] 徐玮杰 弯润其 王先颖 孙凯健[1] 戴泽元[1] 张鑫[1] 陈斌[1] 汤朝起[1] SHEN Han;XU Weijie;WAN Runqi;WANG Xianying;SUN Kaijian;DAI Zeyuan;ZHANG Xin;CHEN Bin;TANG Zhaoqi(Shanghai Tobacco Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200082,China)

机构地区：[1]上海烟草集团有限责任公司,上海200082

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2025年第3期17-24,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：上海烟草集团有限责任公司科技项目“梗丝综合性能提升技术研究”(K2023-1-004P)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同形态烟梗(梗头、粗梗和细梗)的常规化学成分、硝酸根和氨基酸含量差异,为各类烟梗的分类及利用提供参考。【方法】将福建产的中部和上部初烤烟叶主脉烟梗从基部至尖部切成8段,将四川、辽宁、江西产的中部烟叶经打叶复烤获得的长烟梗(大于20 mm)按形态分成梗头(叶柄处)、粗梗(梗直径≥3 mm)、细梗(梗直径<3 mm)3类,测定上述各类形态烟梗的常规化学成分、硝酸根、游离氨基酸含量,比较分析不同形态烟梗化学成分含量差异。【结果】相同产地(福建产地)烤烟中部叶主脉烟梗的烟碱、总氮、氯、游离氨基酸含量低于上部叶烟梗,总糖、还原糖、硝酸根高于上部叶烟梗;中部叶和上部叶的不同形态烟梗的化学成分变化规律基本一致,从梗头到梗尖的烟碱、总氮、游离氨基酸含量呈先降后略升趋势,钾含量呈先升后降趋势,氯和硝酸根含量呈降低趋势。不同产地(四川、辽宁、江西产地)烤烟中部叶梗头与其他形态烟梗(粗梗和细梗)化学成分差异明显,梗头烟碱、总氮、总糖、还原糖、氯、硝酸根、游离氨基酸含量较高,钾含量较低。【结论】相同产地烤烟中部叶主脉烟梗的烟碱、总氮、氯、游离氨基酸含量低于上部叶烟梗,总糖、还原糖、硝酸根高于上部叶烟梗;中部叶和上部叶从梗头到梗尖的烟碱、总氮、游离氨基酸含量呈先降后略升趋势,钾含量呈先升后降趋势,氯和硝酸根含量呈降低趋势。不同产地烤烟烟梗化学成分均表现为梗头的烟碱、总氮、总糖、氯及游离氨基酸总量高于粗梗和细梗,钾含量低于粗梗和细梗。【Objective】The differences in conventional chemical component,nitrate and amino acid contents of different shapes of tobacco stems(stem head,thick stem and fine stem)were explored to provide the references for the classification and utilization of different tobacco stems.【Method】The main vein tobacco stems of middle and upper primary flue-cured tobacco from Fujian Province were cut into 8 sections from base to tip.The long tobacco stems(≥20 mm)of redried middle leaves from Sichuan,Liaoning and Jiangxi were divided into three types of stem head leaf stalk,thick stem(stem diameter≥3 mm)and fine stem(stem diameter<3 mm)according to their shapes.The conventional chemical component,nitrate and free amino acid contents of all shapes of tobacco stems were determined.The differences of chemical component content in different shapes of tobacco stems were analyzed.【Result】The nicotine,total nitrogen,chlorine and free amino acid contents of main vein tobacco stems in the middle leaves were lower than those in tobacco stems of upper leaves in the same growing area(Fujian),the total sugar,reducing sugar and nitrate were higher than those in tobacco stems of upper leaves.The variation rules of chemical component in different shapes of stems from middle and upper leaves were basically consistent.The nicotine,total nitrogen and free amino acid contents from the base to the tip of stems decreased first and then slightly increased,the potassium contents increased first and then decreased,and the chlorine and nitrate contents decreased.The chemical composition of stem head in middle leaves from different flue-cured tobaccogrowing areas(Sichuan,Liaoning,Jiangxi)was significantly different from that of thick stems and fine stems.The nicotine,total nitrogen,total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine,nitrate,free amino acid content of stem head were relatively higher,and potassium content was lower.The nicotine,total nitrogen,chlorine,free amino acid and potassium contents in stem head were significantly different from those i

关 键 词：烟梗 形态 化学成分 硝酸根 游离氨基酸 

分 类 号：TS411[农业科学—烟草工业] S572