“性别的砝码”:代表性视角下的民主决策  

"The Weight of Gender":Democratic Decision-Making from the Perspective of Representation

作　　者：王翔 WANG Xiang

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300350

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第4期36-50,共15页Political Science and Law

基　　金：司法部2024年度法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目青年课题“非诉讼纠纷解决机制的治理效能研究”(项目编号:24SFB3006)的研究成果。

摘　　要：描述性代表理论强调政治决策机构的成员结构应体现社会多样性,特别是性别配置对决策结果的影响。本文将描述性代表理论的性别效应放置在人民陪审员制度中进行考察,借助司法裁判文书大数据,系统性地检验女性陪审员之于司法决策的影响。研究发现当审判合议庭有女性陪审员加入时,会使判决结果更加“严苛”;随着女性陪审员在审判合议庭的比例增加,这种“严苛”效应会持续。女性审判长和女性当事人的存在加剧了判决的严格程度。这种效应在不同案件类型和地域间展现出差异。本研究将描述性代表理论的性别维度拓展至陪审决策领域,为我国进一步优化审判资源配置提供了实证基础。Descriptive representation theory underscores the importance of reflecting societal diversity within the structures of political decision-making bodies,particularly regarding the impact of gender composition on outcomes.This paper examines the gender effects of descriptive representation within the context of the People's Assessor System,using big data from judicial decisions to systematically assess the influence of female assessors on judicial outcomes.The study reveals that the inclusion of female assessors in trial panels leads to harsher outcomes;as the their proportion increases,this effect persists.The presence of female presiding judges and female litigants also amplifies the harshness of judicial decisions.This effect varies in degree across case types and regions.This research extends the application of the gender dimension of descriptive representation theory to decision-making by assessors,providing an empirical foundation for further optimization of judicial resource allocation in China.

关 键 词：描述性代表理论 性别 代表性民主 人民陪审员制度 法政治学 

分 类 号：D925[政治法律—诉讼法学]