重申实质真实发现主义  

Reaffirming the Principle of Substantive Truth Discovery

作　　者：张建伟[1] ZHANG Jianwei

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100086

出　　处：《政治与法律》2025年第4期127-143,共17页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：实质真实发现主义重在探知案件的真相,与我国刑事诉讼中长期奉行的客观真实原则存在共性。对于人之认识事实真相的理性能力的信心,构成了实质真实发现主义的认识论基础,这种对司法机关的功能设定,也连接着不枉不纵等司法理想。能否发现实质真实以及是否坚持不枉不纵等司法工作要求,决定了实质真实发现主义的生命力。实质真实发现主义有积极和消极两种模式,应当本着不同诉讼阶段和环节的特点来加以设定。甄别和保护无辜,虽然是所有诉讼阶段都承担的任务,但就工作的侧重点来说,积极的实质真实发现主义体现在侦查阶段(以及监察机关调查阶段),消极的实质真实发现主义主要体现在审查起诉和审判这两个阶段以及审查批准逮捕环节。The principle of substantial truth discovery focuses on uncovering the truth of a case,which has commonalities with the principle of objective truth long upheld in China's criminal proceedings.The confidence in human beings'rational ability to discern the truth constitutes the epistemological basis of substantive truth discovery,and such functional design for judicial organs also aligns with judicial ideals such as"neither wrongfully convicting nor unduly lenient".Whether the substantive truth can be discovered and whether such kind of requirements of"neither wrongfully convicting nor unduly lenient"for judicial work is insisted on determine the vitality of the principle of substantive truth discovery.The principle of substantial truth discovery encompasses both active and passive modes which should be chosen on basis of the characteristics of different litigation stages and links.Although identification and protection of innocent people are tasks undertaken at all litigation stages,in terms of work focus,the active mode of the principle of substantive truth discover is reflected in the criminal investigation stage(and the stage of supervisory investigation by the supervision authority),and the passive mode of the principle of substantive truth discovery is mainly reflected in the two stages of review for prosecution and trial,and the link of review and approval of arrest.

关 键 词：刑事诉讼 实质真实 形式真实 理性能力 不枉不纵 

分 类 号：DF73[政治法律—诉讼法学]