中华民族共同体视野下国家通用语言文字的法律规制  

Legal Regulation of the National Common Language and Script from the Perspective of the Chinese National Community

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作  者:汪习根 方路锦 Wang Xigen;Fang Lujin(Research Base of Forging Chinese National Community Consciousness,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,430074,Wuhan,Hubei,China)

机构地区:[1]华中科技大学,湖北武汉430074

出  处:《民族学刊》2025年第1期40-52,154,共14页Journal of Ethnology

基  金:国家社会科学基金研究重大专项“民族自治地方社会治理现代化的机理与路径研究”(22VMZ006)阶段性成果。

摘  要:国家通用语言文字的规范化治理,不仅关涉个体私益,更关乎公共福祉。片面强调公民语言权利的传统范式难以在法理上予以证成,且与实定法不相兼容。在统一的多民族国家内部,唯有基于“国家语言权力—公民语言权利”动态平衡框架界分多重法益,才有助于协调共同体语言秩序与个体语言自由的价值冲突,在推动共同体建构、交互式融通、现代化发展、制度性保障中回应各民族公民的美好生活向往。面对国际语言资源配置失衡与国内语言法律规制乏力双重困境,立法修法应以强化国家通用语言文字的主体性秩序为核心,兼顾“干预”与“给付”双重法律规制面向,既要激发公权主体“给付”权能、促进公共服务质效以增进共同福祉,又须恪守“干预”权限、厘定各自权责以保障个体权利。循此逻辑,打造国家通用语言文字与中华各民族语言文字良性互动的法律规制格局,促进一体多元的中华民族语言文字体系繁荣发展,铸牢中华民族共同体的语言文字基础。The standardization and governance of the national common language and script not only involve individual private interests but also concern public welfare.Traditional language rights theories,which unilaterally emphasize the protection of the language rights of minority groups,hold a certain significance in preventing possible“dictatorship”and“linguistic assimilation.”However,the extreme tendencies of“liberalism”and“separatism”contained therein are not only inadvisable but also run counter to positive law.On the other hand,overemphasizing public authority at the expense of the diverse language needs of individuals also fails to align with the original people-centered mission of the Chinese-style modernization journey.In a unified multi-ethnic country,achieving a harmonious balance among multiple legal interests is crucial.This balance can help resolve the value conflicts between the community language order and individual language freedom,ensuring equilibrium in legal interests across community construction,interactive integration,modernization development,and institutional safeguards.Such an approach is necessary in order to respond to the aspirations of citizens of all ethnic groups for a better life.In the current context of an increasingly imbalanced international language and script power dynamic,strengthening identification with the national common language and script,preventing the rise of linguistic liberalism,cultural separatism,and linguistic hegemony,and promoting a balanced development of global language power have become urgent tasks for safeguarding national sovereignty,security,and development interests.Given the practical challenges of China's legal norms regarding the national common language and script,such as relationship demarcation,subject positioning,and field regulation,it is deemed necessary to rely on the“state power-citizen rights”dynamic balance analysis framework.This involves organically integrating the concept of“commonality”into relevant legal norms and opti

关 键 词:语言权 中华民族共同体 国家通用语言文字 语言文字立法 

分 类 号:C956[社会学—民族学]

 

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