郭店楚简“[身心]/忎/[人心](仁)”概念的多层性与其思想意义  

The Multilayer Structure of the Meaning of Ren in the “Guodian Bamboo Manuscripts” and Its Significance in Early Chinese Thought

作　　者：佐藤将之[1] Masayuki Sato

机构地区：[1]台湾大学哲学系,中国台北106319

出　　处：《国际儒学(中英文)》2025年第1期1-23,181,共24页International Studies on Confucianism

摘　　要：郭店楚简文献所出现的“[身心]/忎/[人心]”概念含有多达八种意涵,而其思想意义则可分成如下三点。第一,如上列举八种意涵并非只在不同篇章中个别出现的;而就在同一篇中的叙述或论述中并行出现。因此,在同一篇中“[身心]/忎/[人心]”概念,如以“心理状态”相对于“言行”、“爱亲”相对于“爱人”、“领导人的德”相对于“顺从人的德”、“亲人”相对于“不谋己利”等例子呈现,不只同时含有不同意涵,而且在彼此之间甚至会有彼此反义的情况。第二,郭店文献“[身心]/忎/[人心]”概念的多种意涵的存在或许反映其概念的演变或发展的情形之可能性。首先我们能够观察的“[身心]/忎/[人心]”概念所涵盖的“爱”之对象具有扩大(由“家族”到“乡党”到“国家”到“天下”)其范围的情形。除此之外,其概念似乎在由“血缘”到“超乎血缘”、由“子德”到“君德”以及由“共同体”到“天下”三种意涵展开。第三,从其相对重要性来看,在与如“圣”和“孝”等概念比较下,郭店楚简的“[身心]/忎/[人心]”概念在大部分的篇章中,并没有被提升为最高核心价值的地位。总之,郭店楚简的论述内容保存着在公元前4世纪“[身心]/忎/[人心]”概念在不同文献中,而在多方面上展开的其实际样态。此情况确实与将“仁”概念看作为其学说的最高点的《孟子》和《荀子》等文献的情况不甚一样。This article, by adopting the method of ideas of history and/or Begriffsgeschihte(history of concepts), aims to elucidate the multilayer structure of the concept in various arguments about “ren”(it can be translated as “benevolence”, “humane”, “humanity-at-its-best”, etc.) in the “Guodian Bamboo Manuscripts,” which was excavated in 1993 at a Warring States Period's Chu tomb in Hubei province. This article also focuses on its possible unique historical significance for the evolution of the concept of ren during the Warring States period. The concept of ren in the Guodian texts can be divided into as many as eight meanings, and this kind of variety and multi-layeredness of the concept of ren in Guodian texts can be summarized into the following three points. Firstly, the variety and multi-layeredness of the concept of ren can be observed not only among different texts but in the same text. Another word, the concept of ren at the same time shows “a psychological state vs. words and deeds ”, “ loving parents vs. loving persons ”, “ virtue for rulers vs. virtue for subordinates”, “intimacy for people vs. indifference of obtaining profits” combinations of different(even opposite) meanings in the arguments of an individual chapter or text. Secondly, the variety and multi-layeredness of the concept of ren in the Guodian text can reflect the actual situation in which the concept of ren has evolved or developed during the Warring States' intellectual discourse. To speak more concretely, the scope to practice one's love expressed in the concept of ren seemed to have been broadened from the family sphere through that of community, and country to the whole Chinese world. Although those spheres in which the concept of ren can attain its conceptual function as a moral virtue can be also broadened(1) from blood to non-blood relationships;(2) from virtue for children to virtue for rulers;(3) from regional communities to the whole Chinese world. Thirdly, in terms of its relative importance as a

关 键 词：郭店楚简 [身心]/忎/[人心](仁) 仁义 《五行》 《唐虞之道》 

分 类 号：B222.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B222.2