太阳能驱动吸附式大气集水技术研究进展  

Recent research progress on solar-thermal-driven adsorptionbased atmospheric water harvesting

作　　者：张杰 王梓苗 李偲加 王佳韵 ZHANG Jie;WANG Zimiao;LI Sijia;WANG Jiayun(School of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Tecnology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《能源研究与信息》2025年第1期10-18,共9页Energy Research and Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22208215、52006145);上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划(20YF1431500);上海市晨光计划(19CG54);上海理工大学“大学生创新创业训练计划”项目(XJ2022050)。

摘　　要：大气集水技术是解决干旱地区水资源短缺的关键。讨论了太阳能驱动吸附式大气集水系统的工作原理和影响集水性能的关键因素,总结了多种吸附材料的功能结构、集水性能和最佳吸附条件,比较了各种材料的优点和局限性。通过分析指出,巧妙地组合吸附基质、导热材料及吸湿盐,可达到强化复合吸附剂性能的目的。为提升材料的性能,提出了改进建议,包括改性活性炭、石墨烯官能团,制备硅胶、气凝胶和金属有机框架复合材料,共聚不同单体强化水凝胶性能,制备复合吸湿盐与沸石/多孔材料。提出的吸附材料改进策略可为太阳能驱动吸附式大气集水技术研究提供参考。Atmospheric water harvesting is pivotal in addressing water scarcity in arid regions.The working principles of solar-thermal-driven adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting systems and key factors influencing their performance are discussed in this study.The functional structures,water harvesting capabilities,and optimal adsorption conditions of various adsorbents are summarized.Their merits and limitations are comparatively analyzed.The analysis underscores the significance of adeptly integrating adsorbent substrates,thermally conductive materials,and hygroscopic salts to augment the efficacy of composite adsorbents.To enhance their performance,several recommendations are made,including the modification of activated carbon,functionalization of graphene,development of composites comprising silica gel,aerogel,and metalorganic frameworks,copolymerization of diverse monomers for improved hydrogel efficiency,and formulation of composite hygroscopic salts with zeolites/porous materials.The proposed strategies provide valuable insights for advancing research on solar-thermal-driven adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting technologies.

关 键 词：大气集水 太阳能驱动 吸附剂 吸附 解吸 

分 类 号：TQ424[化学工程]