形塑现代学校空间:对葛雷制的再认识  

Shaping Modern School Space: A Re-examination of the Gary Plan

作　　者：钱晓菲 张斌贤[2] QIAN Xiaofei;ZHANG Binxian(School of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121;Institute of Educational History and Culture,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学教育现代化研究院,杭州311121 [2]北京师范大学教育历史与文化研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期47-57,共11页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“空间生产理论视域下的美国现代学校空间变革研究”(24YJC880108)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：作为贯彻进步主义教育精神与应用科学管理原则的典范,葛雷制一直备受关注,但已有研究更多聚焦课程与组织形式变革,未深入剖析其形塑现代学校空间的早期探索。在葛雷制实验中,空间重构是实现课程、教学与组织方式变革的关键性前提条件。通过增设工场车间、科学实验室、体育馆等各类新空间,将班级教室改造为学科教室,引入并拓展部门化教学,葛雷制不仅旨在丰富课程内容,还力图革新教学方法,倡导主动探究与从做中学。借助有机体的隐喻,礼堂经由葛雷制的重新表征,从肃穆的戒训空间转变为活跃的学校社区剧场,同宽阔走廊一道,重新衔接各类专门空间。不仅如此,根据二部制,改变教育节奏,重塑学校日常生活,从静坐倾听转向轮转式活动,由封闭走向开放。As a model for implementing the spirit of progressive education and applying the principles of scientific management,the Gary Plan has long been a subject of significant interest.However,the previous studies have predominantly focused on its innovations in curriculum and organizational structures,with less attention given to its pioneering efforts in reconfiguring modern school spaces.In the Gary Plan experiments,spatial reorganization served as a crucial prerequisite for transforming curriculum,teaching methods,and organizational practices.By introducing new spaces such as workshops,science laboratories,dining rooms,and gymnasiums,and converting traditional classrooms into subject-specific rooms,the Gary Plan sought not only to enrich the curriculum but also to revolutionize teaching methodologies,emphasizing active inquiry and learning by doing.Through the metaphor of an organism,the auditorium was reimagined,evolving from a solemn space of discipline into a vibrant school community theater.Alongside wide corridors,these spaces were rearticulated to create a cohesive network of specialized areas.Furthermore,in accordance with the platoon system,the Gary Plan altered the rhythm of education,reshaping daily school life from passive listening to rotating,active engagement,and from a closed environment to the one of openness.

关 键 词：学校空间 空间变革 葛雷制 二部制 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]