论中华优秀传统人权文化中墨子的人权理念  

On the Human Rights Concepts of Mozi in China's Excellent Traditional Human Rights Culture

作　　者：汪习根 张倩倩[2] WANG Xigen;ZHANG Qianqian(Law School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074;Human Rights Law Research Institute,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院,武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学人权法律研究院,武汉430074

出　　处：《南京师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期100-109,共10页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“坚持建设中国特色社会主义法治体系,深入推进全面依法治国实践研究”(2022JZDZ002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：以“兼相爱”为核心的墨子思想蕴含着丰富深邃的人权理念,值得从法理的高度进行深入挖掘,以期为构建中国自主的人权知识体系提供可资利用的优秀传统法文化资源。在法理本质上,“兼相爱”超越西式“博爱”思想,为和平权、发展权等新一代人权奠定深厚的历史文化基础。在法理价值上,“交相利”通过具有现实意义的“利”,实现了价值主体的全方位覆盖、价值客体的多领域涵射、价值内容的精准性把控。在法理原则上,“有法所度”以“兼爱”和“法仪”的内在逻辑揭示了人权的法理依据,以“仁”为评价尺度阐释了人权的法理标准,以节用、节葬、非攻、非乐为依托设定了人权的法理规范。在法理实践上,“兴利除害”是由“兼爱”衍生出的具体人权目标,通过尚贤、尚同、非命的人权法理实践机制予以保障。The philosophy of Mozi,centered on the principle of Jian xiangai兼相爱(universal mutual love),encompasses profound and rich human rights concepts that merit in-depth exploration from a jurisprudential perspective.Such an exploration can provide valuable traditional legal-cultural resources for constructing China s independent human rights knowledge system.In terms of jurisprudential essence,Jian xiangai transcends the Western notion of“universal love”and establishes a deep historical and cultural foundation for a new generation of human rights,such as the right to peace and the right to development.In terms of jurisprudential value,Jiao xiangli交相利(mutual benefit)achieves comprehensive coverage of value subjects,multi-dimensional inclusion of value objects,and precise articulation of value content through the practical concept of“benefit”.Regarding jurisprudential principles,You fa suo du有法所度(literally measurement by law)elucidates the legal basis of human rights through the internal logic of Jian xiangai and Fayi法仪(legal standards),defines the jurisprudential criteria for human rights using“benevolence”as the evaluative measure,and establishes jurisprudential norms for human rights through principles such as Jieyong节用(frugality in use),Jiezang节葬(frugality in burial),Feigong非攻(non-aggression),and Feiyue非乐(non-indulgence in excessive entertainment).In jurisprudential practice,Xingli chuhai兴利除害(promoting benefits and eliminating harms)emerges as a concrete human rights objective derived from Jian xiangai,safeguarded through mechanisms such as Shangxian尚贤(elevating the virtuous),Shangtong尚同(pursuing unity),and Feiming非命(rejecting fatalism).

关 键 词：墨子 人权理念 兼相爱 交相利 有法所度 兴利除害 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]