不同粗蛋白水平颗粒料对断奶犊牛体外瘤胃发酵的影响  

Effects of granular feed with different crude protein levels on in vitro rumen fermentation of weaned calves

作　　者：宗玉洁 程志强 刘翁博洋 刘丽 赵静雯 乌日金 林淼[1] ZONG Yujie;CHENG Zhiqiang;LIU Wengboyang;LIU Li;ZHAO Jingwen;WU Rijin;LIN Miao

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]内蒙古农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2025年第5期1-7,共7页Feed Research

基　　金：江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(项目编号:SJCX23_1994);国家奶牛产业技术体系(项目编号:CARS36);江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项资金(项目编号:BE2022309)。

摘　　要：试验旨在探究不同粗蛋白(CP)水平颗粒料对断奶犊牛瘤胃体外发酵参数和细菌区系的影响。采用瘤胃体外发酵技术,以粗蛋白水平分别为16.0%、18.5%、21.0%、23.5%颗粒料为底物,厌氧培养48 h,测定产气量、气体成分、发酵参数和瘤胃细菌区系。结果表明:与CP水平16.0%相比,CP水平21.0%和23.5%第24、36、48 h的产气量显著降低(P<0.05),单位氢气、甲烷和二氧化碳产量显著降低(P<0.05),pH值和氨态氮(NH3-N)含量显著提高(P<0.05);CP水平23.5%的微生物蛋白(MCP)、异丁酸、戊酸含量,以及变形菌门的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。与CP水平16.0%相比,CP水平18.5%、21.0%、23.5%的疣微菌门、蓝光合菌门、髌骨细菌门和韦荣氏球菌属的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。与其他3组相比,CP水平18.5%的瘤胃球菌属、产粪甾醇真杆菌属和克里斯滕森菌科R-7属的相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,提高断奶犊牛饲粮CP水平有利于促进MCP的合成,而较低CP水平可通过提高瘤胃中瘤胃球菌属等纤维降解菌的相对丰度促进断奶犊牛瘤胃纤维降解,综合考虑断奶犊牛颗粒料的适宜CP水平为21.0%。The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different crude protein(CP)levels on in vitro rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial flora of weaned calves.In vitro rumen fermentation technique was used,and the crude protein levels were 16.0%,18.5%,21.0%and 23.5%granular feed as the substrate.The gas production,gas composition,fermentation parameters and rumen bacterial flora were determined by anaerobic culture for 48 h.The results showed that compared with CP level of 16.0%,the gas production at 24,36 and 48 h at CP level of 21.0%and 23.5%was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the unit hydrogen,methane and carbon dioxide production were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the pH value and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)concentrations were significantly increased(P<0.05).The concentrations of microbial protein(MCP),isobutyric acid,and valeric acid at 23.5%CP level and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with CP level of 16.0%,the relative abundances of Verrucococcus,Cyanobacteriota,Patescibacteria and Veillonella at CP level of 18.5%,21.0%and 23.5%were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the other three groups,the relative abundances of Ruminococcus,Eubacterium coprosterogenes and R-7 genera of Christensenaceae with CP level of 18.5%were significantly increased(P<0.05).The results show that increasing the dietary CP level of weaned calves can promote the synthesis of MCP,and lower CP level may promote rumen fiber degradation of weaned calves by increasing the relative abundance of fibrinedegrading bacteria such as Ruminococcus in the rumen,and the appropriate CP level of weaned calves is 21.0%considering the grain feed.

关 键 词：断奶犊牛 粗蛋白水平 体外发酵 细菌区系 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]