不同青贮添加剂对膨化玉米秸秆微贮饲料品质及微生物组成的影响  

Effects of different silage additives on quality and microbial composition of extruded corn straw microage

作　　者：于琴 周宇婷 艾比布拉·伊马木 程志泽 张建新 YU Qin;ZHOU Yuting;AIBIBULA Yimamu;CHENG Zhize;ZHANG Jianxin

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆草地资源与生态重点研究室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆新禾牧业有限公司,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《饲料研究》2025年第5期126-132,共7页Feed Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(项目编号:2022B02042-2)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究添加不同青贮添加剂对膨化玉米秸秆微贮的营养成分、发酵品质及微生物组成的影响。以膨化玉米秸秆为原料,分别设置植物乳杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌组(CB组)、植物乳杆菌+布氏乳杆菌+乳酸片球菌+纤维素酶+淀粉酶+葡聚糖酶组(BE1组)和植物乳杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌+干酪乳杆菌+酿酒酵母+纤维素酶+蛋白酶组(BE2组),每个处理3个重复。室温贮藏发酵30 d后,开袋进行感官评价,并测定营养及发酵品质,通过体外法评价干物质降解率,使用高通量测序进行细菌多样性分析。结果显示:BE1组和BE2组青贮感官评价优于CB组。BE1组和BE2组干物质含量显著高于CB组(P<0.05);BE1组粗蛋白含量显著高于CB组(P<0.05);BE1组可溶性碳水化合物含量以及干物质降解率显著高于其他组(P<0.05);BE1组酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维以及木质素的含量均显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。BE1组pH值显著低于其他组(P<0.05),乳酸和乙酸含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。高通量测序结果表明,在门分类水平上,各组优势菌门均为厚壁菌门;从属水平来看,优势菌群有乳酸杆菌属、魏斯氏菌属以及明串珠菌属等;此外,BE1组乳酸杆菌属明显高于其他组,占比80.75%。研究表明,添加菌酶复合制剂可以改善玉米秸秆青贮营养品质和发酵品质,对其细菌群落结构具有一定的影响,以BE1组效果最好,BE2组次之。The trial aimed to investigate the effects of different silage additives on the nutritional components,fermentation quality,and microbial composition of extruded corn straw microage.Extruded corn straw was used as the raw material,and three treatments were set up:Lactobacillus plantarum+Bacillus subtilis group(CB group),Lactobacillus plantarum+Lactobacillus buchneri+Pediococcus acidilactici+cellulase+amylase+glucanase group(BE1 group),and Lactobacillus plantarum+Bacillus subtilis+Lactobacillus casei+Saccharomyces cerevisiae+cellulase+protease group(BE2 group),with three replicates for each treatment.After 30 days of fermentation at room temperature,the bags were opened for sensory evaluation,and the nutritional and fermentation qualities were measured.The dry matter degradation rate was evaluated using an in vitro method,and bacterial diversity analysis was performed using highthroughput sequencing.The results showed that the sensory evaluation of silage in BE1 and BE2 groups was better than that in CB group.The dry matter content in BE1 and BE2 groups was significantly higher than that in CB group(P<0.05).The crude protein content in the BE1 group was significantly higher than that in CB group(P<0.05).The soluble carbohydrate content and dry matter degradation rate in BE1 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The concentrations of acid detergent fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and lignin in the BE1 group were significantly lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05).The pH value in the BE1 group was significantly lower than that in the other groups(P<0.05),and the concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05).High-throughput sequencing results indicated that at the phylum level,the dominant phylum in each group was Firmicutes.At the genus level,the dominant genera were Lactobacillus,Weissella,and Leuconostoc.Additionally,the Lactobacillus genus in BE1 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups,accoun

关 键 词：菌酶复合制剂 膨化 玉米秸秆 发酵品质 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]