某纯电动公交车全铝车身骨架轻量化设计  

A pare electric buses with an all-aluminum body frame designed for lightweight

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作  者:张逍 刘定一 龚成平 何锋[1] ZHANG Xiao;LIU Dingyi;GONG Chengping;HE Feng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Chery Wanda Guizhou Bus Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550009,China;Guizhou Vocational and Technical College of Economics and Trade,Guiyang 558022,China)

机构地区:[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]奇瑞万达贵州客车股份有限公司,贵阳550009 [3]贵州经贸职业技术学院,贵阳558022

出  处:《黑龙江工程学院学报》2025年第2期9-16,共8页Journal of Heilongjiang Institute of Technology

基  金:贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果[2023]一般003)。

摘  要:为了降低纯电动公交车全铝车身骨架质量,以某纯电动公交车车身骨架为研究对象,在Hypermesh中建立纯电动公交车全铝车身骨架的有限元模型。在垂向工况、扭转工况、转弯工况和制动工况下对车身骨架进行静力学分析和模态频率分析,在纯电动公交车全铝车身骨架强度和刚度余量充足的情况下,通过相对灵敏度分析并筛选出整个车身结构中对质量较为敏感的构件。以筛选出的构件为基础、车身骨架截面厚度为优化变量、骨架总质量最小为目标、骨架结构强度和刚度为约束建立数学分析模型,在满足4种工况的行驶条件下对纯电动公交车车身骨架进行尺寸优化。优化结果表明,与优化前相比,车身骨架的强度、刚度和模态频率基本保持不变,而车身骨架质量降低8%,达到轻量化设计的目的。To reduce the weight of the aluminum alloy body frame of a pure electric bus,this study focuses on the aluminum alloy body frame as the research subject.A finite element model of the body frame was developed using Hypermesh,and static structural analysis along with modal frequency analysis were conducted under vertical load,torsional load,turning load,and braking conditions.Given that the strength and stiffness reserves of the aluminum alloy body frame are adequate,sensitive components within the entire structure were identified through relative sensitivity analysis.The thickness of these selected components’cross-sections was designated as an optimization variable,aiming to minimize the total weight of the body frame while adhering to constraints related to structural strength and stiffness.Size optimization for the pure electric bus’s body frame was performed under all four operational conditions.The results indicate that compared to pre-optimization metrics,both strength and stiffness—as well as modal frequencies—remained largely unchanged while achieving an 8%reduction in overall weight,thus fulfilling lightweight design objectives.

关 键 词:纯电动公交 车身骨架 相对灵敏度分析 尺寸优化 轻量化 

分 类 号:U463.822[机械工程—车辆工程]

 

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