知识是确证的和有益的吗?——从西方知识论的视域看庄子知识论的思想进路及其伦理意蕴  

Is Knowledge Confirmatory and Beneficial?:the Ideological Approach of Zhuangzi’s Theory of Knowledge and Its Ethical Implication from the Perspective of Western Theory of Knowledge

作　　者：王闻文 WANG Wen-wen(Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2025年第2期119-127,共9页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科后期资助项目“儒家心学视角下的现代虚无主义问题研究”(21FZXB072);山东省2023年中华优秀传统文化“两创”专项课题“中华优秀传统文化视域下的高校立德育人的时代路径探索”(CTL202307013);2023年山东大学儒学院研究生重点科研项目“朱熹心性论与人禽之辨思想研究”(23RXY029)。

摘　　要：一般而言,西方知识论主要聚焦于从人的认识能力的角度去探究对事物“真”理的确证和对知识的把握,追求的是知识的客观性、普遍必然性和可解释性。在西方知识论视域中对比考察庄子对“知识”的阐述就可以发现,庄子的知识论既有与之相通之处,又存在差异之面向。一方面,庄子同样注意到“知”的多重维度及人的认知能力问题;另一方面,不同于西方知识论对知识的肯认,庄子并不汲求于对知识的获取和使用,相反,他对知识主要是采取一种批判的态度,认为知识并不可靠,也无法藉由它去认识世界。更为重要的是,庄子对知识及其手段的解构和否弃蕴含了对生命伦理的思考,即在庄子看来,世俗所谓的知识非但不能促进人们对大道的体认,反而是有害于人的本然之性,甚至会使人的生命消逝,因此他主张要“去知”。而通过从西方知识论的视域去审视庄子的知识论,我们更能从世界哲学的视角深刻地把握其哲学的归旨问题。Generally speaking,the western theory of knowledge mainly focuses on exploring the confirmation of the“true”reason of things and the grasp of knowledge from the perspective of human cognitive ability,and pursues the objectivity,universal necessity and interpretability of knowledge.In the western knowledge theory perspective,compare and contrast Zhuangzi's elaboration of“knowledge”,we can find that there are both similarities and differences between Zhuangzi's theory of knowledge and the Western theory of knowledge.On the one hand,Zhuangzi's theory of knowledge also pays attention to the multiple dimensions of“knowledge”and the problem of human cognitive ability;on the other hand,unlike the Western theory of knowledge,Zhuangzi does not seek to acquire and use knowledge;on the contrary,he adopts a critical attitude toward knowledge,thinking that knowledge is not reliable and that one cannot recognize the world in virtue of it.More importantly,Zhuangzi's rejection and deconstruction of knowledge and its means implies his reflection on life ethics.In Zhuangzi's view,the so-called worldly knowledge,instead of facilitating the realization of the great way of life,is detrimental to the natural nature of human beings.In Zhuangzi's view,the so-called worldly knowledge,instead of promoting the realization of the Tao,is harmful to the nature of human beings,and may even lead to the extinction of human life.To examine Zhuangzi's epistemology through the perspective of western theory of knowledge,we can better grasp the purpose of his philosophy from the perspective of world philosophy.

关 键 词：庄子 长生 知识论 伦理意蕴 西方 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]