拥有发明专利能提升企业绩效吗?——基于专精特新“小巨人”上市企业的实证研究  

The More Invention Patent Grants,the Better Financial Performance of Enterprises?An Empirical Study Based on Specialized and Sophisticated"Little Giant"Enterprises

作　　者：杨中楷[1] 祭敏 YANG Zhongkai;JI Min(School of Public Administration,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学公共管理学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《科学与管理》2025年第2期24-30,共7页Science and Management

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD074)。

摘　　要：专精特新“小巨人”企业是专注于细分市场、创新能力强、市场占有率高、掌握关键核心技术、质量效益优的排头兵企业。但长期以来,对于企业拥有发明专利是否只能作为所谓门槛条件还是与其成长业绩相辅相成存在争议,而且关于“小巨人”企业专利注水的传闻也时常出现。基于2018—2022年200家专精特新“小巨人”A股上市企业的财务数据与发明专利数据,通过面板数据固定效应模型,对专精特新“小巨人”发明专利的运用情况进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)专精特新“小巨人”企业拥有的发明专利数量和质量与企业绩效有良好的一致性,但发明专利的生命周期较短,对绩效影响的持续性低;(2)欠发达地区企业的发明专利对企业绩效起到了更显著的促进作用;(3)专用设备制造业与计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业领域企业拥有的发明专利对绩效的作用效果表现最佳。Specialized and sophisticated"little giant"enterprises focusing on niche markets,with strong innovation capability,high market share,mastery of key core technologies,and excellent quality and efficiency.For a long time,there is a controversy over whether the invention patents owned by enterprises can improve their performance.Based on the financial data and invention patent data of 200 specialized and sophisticated"little giant"enterprises in 2018-2022,the article conducts an empirical study on the application of invention patents through the Panel data fixed effects model.The study finds that:(1)the number and quality of invention patents owned by specialized and sophisticated"little giant"enterprises have good consistency with enterprise performance,but the life cycle of invention patents is shorter,and the continuity of their impact on performance is low;(2)invention patents owned by enterprises in less-developed regions plays a more significant role in boosting enterprise performance;(3)invention patents owned by enterprises in the fields of speciality equipment manufacturing and computer,communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing are the best in terms of their effect on performance.

关 键 词：专精特新 发明专利 企业绩效 

分 类 号：F276.3[经济管理—企业管理]