三门峡市烤烟种植区主要气象灾害风险分析  

Analysis of Major Meteorological Disaster Risks in Sanmenxia Flue-Cured Tobacco Planting Area

作　　者：戴翠贤 陈广晴 李景文 陈胜利 陈莹 尚克 Dai Cuixian;Chen Guangqing;Li Jingwen;Chen Shengli;Chen Ying;Shang Ke(Sanmenxia Meteorological Office of Henan Province,Sanmenxia 472000,China;Sanmenxia Tobacco Corporation,Sanmenxia 472000,China)

机构地区：[1]三门峡市气象局,河南三门峡472000 [2]中国烟叶公司三门峡烟草公司,河南三门峡472000

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2025年第1期96-103,共8页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局/农业农村部烤烟气象服务中心开放式研究基金项目(KYZX2023-04)。

摘　　要：为明确三门峡市烤烟种植主产区乡镇主要气象灾害及时空分布分析,利用三门峡市5个县(市、区)4个国家基本气象站和33个气象观测站2014-2023年4月下旬到9月上旬逐日平均气温、最高气温、最低气温和降雨量等数据,对不同县(市、区)主产区乡镇烤烟不同生育期的主要气象灾害进行分析。结果表明:该区域烤烟烟叶生产主要气象灾害为还苗-伸根期低温(4月下旬-5月中旬日平均气温≤13℃)、成熟期高温(7月中旬-8月下旬日最高气温≥35℃)、干旱、暴雨(日降雨量≥50 mm)。还苗-伸根期,低温风险主要发生在三门峡市西南部,卢氏县文峪乡、范里镇、东明镇、横涧乡、沙河乡、双龙湾镇、徐家湾乡、潘河乡、木桐乡和灵宝市朱阳镇低温风险最高,低温天数多年均值为6-7天,卢氏县官坡镇、双槐树乡、五里川镇、朱阳关镇、杜关镇、官道口镇、灵宝市五亩乡和苏村乡低温风险较高。成熟期高温风险主要发生在三门峡市东北部,渑池县天池镇风险出现频率最高,高温风险天数高达4~5天,渑池县果园乡和仁村乡高温风险较高。烟叶不同生育期的降雨量与烟草需水规律基本吻合,但年际间差异大,在需水较多的旺长期,渑池县仰韶镇、果园乡、仁村乡、天池镇、段村乡烟区烟叶旺长期干旱风险较高。暴雨风险主要发生在三门峡市西南部,其中卢氏县官坡镇、双槐树乡、五里川镇、朱阳关镇、徐家湾乡、双龙湾镇和灵宝市焦村镇暴雨风险较高。渑池县仁村乡、天池镇,烤烟成熟期面临高温和干旱双重风险。In order to clarify the main meteorological disasters and their spatial and temporal distributions in the main producing areas of flue-cured tobacco in Sanmenxia,using the daily average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature and precipitation data from late April to early September during 2014-2023 from 4 national meteorological stations and 33 weather stations in 5 counties(cities and districts)of Sanmenxia City,this article analyzes the main meteorological disasters in different growing periods of flue-cured tobacco in major tobacco-producing towns and townships of different counties(cities and districts).The results show that main meteorological disasters of flue-cured tobacco include low temperatures(≤13℃)during the seedling-root elongation stage(late April to mid-May),high temperatures(≥35℃)during the maturation stage(mid-July to late August),drought and torrential rainfall(daily rainfall≥50 mm).Low-temperature risk is the highest in the southwestern part of Sanmenxia,particularly in Wenyu Township and Fanli Town of Lushi County,Dongming Township,Hengjian Township,Shahe Township,Shuanglongwan Town,Xujiawan Township,Panhe Township,Mutong Township of Lushi County and Zhuyang Town of Lingbao City.These areas have an average of 6-7 days of low-temperature conditions with Guanpo Town,Shuanghuaishu Township,Wulichuan Town,Zhuyangguan Town,Duguan Town,Guandaokou Town of Lushi County,Wumu Township and Sucun Township of Lingbao City having higher low temperature risks.High-temperature risk in the mature stage of tobacco occurs mainly in the northeastern regions,specifically in Rencun Township and Tianchi Town of Mianchi County,where the number of high-temperature risk days can reach 4 to 5 days,with the townships of Duancun,Yangshao,Guoyuan and Yinghao having higher risks of high temperature.The rainfall in different growing stages of tobacco is basically consistent with the pattern of tobacco water demand,but there is a big difference in the inter-annual variations.In the prosperous period of

关 键 词：三门峡 烤烟 气象灾害 分析 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] P429[农业科学—作物学]