考虑钢轨波磨三维几何的轮轨接触动力学分析  

Analysis of Wheel-rail Contact Dynamics Considering the Three-dimensional Geometry of Rail Corrugation

作　　者：柯妍 孙耀亮 潘自立[3] 安博洋[1,2] 王平[1,2] KE Yan;SUN Yaoliang;PAN Zili;An Boyang;WANG Ping(Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering of Ministry of Education,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学,成都610031 [3]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,成都610031

出　　处：《高速铁路技术》2025年第2期7-14,共8页High Speed Railway Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目(52388102)。

摘　　要：钢轨波浪形磨损是影响列车运行稳定性与安全性的典型伤损形式。针对以往研究将其简化为二维几何不平顺的不足,本文拓展了考虑波磨三维几何的车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,能够更准确地描述钢轨波磨处的轮轨冲击动力学和瞬时滚动接触力学行为。为深入探究波磨三维几何对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,本文对比了所建模型与传统动力学模型(基于Hertz-FASTSIM算法求解)的差异。研究结果表明,(1)在车轮通过短波波磨的过程中,本文模型仿真得到的轮轨力波形呈现出双峰特征,揭示了波磨处于不稳定发展阶段的特征;(2)本文模型所得接触斑在纵向和横向上均表现出显著的非对称性,且接触应力的瞬时变化更为剧烈,而传统模型的变化则相对平缓;(3)与传统模型相比,本文模型预测的钢轨波磨深度限值偏于保守,这主要是由于轮轨接触点的瞬时转移行为引发了更为剧烈的轮轨冲击力。然而,随着运行速度的增加,两种模型之间的差异逐渐减小,最终趋于一致。Rail corrugation,a typical form of rail damage,significantly affects the stability and safety of train operations.To address the limitations of previous studies that simplified it as two-dimensional geometric irregularities,this study extended the vehicle-track coupled dynamics model to incorporate the three-dimensional geometry of rail corrugation,enabling a more accurate description of the wheel-rail impact dynamics and transient rolling contact mechanics at rail corrugation sites.To further investigate the influence of the three-dimensional geometry of corrugation on wheel-rail rolling contact behavior,this study provided a detailed comparison between the proposed model and the traditional dynamics model(using the Hertz-FASTSIM algorithm).The research findings indicate:(1)During the passage of wheels over short-wave corrugation,the wheel-rail force waveform obtained from the proposed model exhibits a double-peak characteristic,revealing the dynamic features of corrugation in an unstable development stage.(2)The contact patch shape obtained from the proposed model shows significant asymmetry in both the longitudinal and transverse directions,with contact stresses undergoing intense transient changes,while the traditional model exhibits relatively smoother variations.(3)Compared to the traditional model,the proposed model predicts more conservative limits for rail corrugation depth,primarily due to the intense wheel-rail impact forces caused by the instantaneous transfer of the contact point.However,as the operating speed increases,the difference between the two models gradually diminishes,eventually converging.

关 键 词：波磨 三维几何不平顺 多体动力学 轮轨滚动接触 钢轨不平顺限值 

分 类 号：U213.42[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]