至诚所积:曾国藩的自我修养和家庭教育  

Sincerity Accumulated:Zeng Guofan's Self-Cultivation and Family Education

作　　者：王延荣 WANG Yanrong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院发展与合作中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中华家教》2025年第1期61-72,共12页The Family Education Of China

摘　　要：作为晚清士大夫的代表人物,曾国藩终身恪守儒家“诚”的观念。他不仅严格要求自己按照这一观念在读书为学、道德修养等诸事上身体力行,还教育子弟后辈以之作为行事的前提和准则。在曾国藩的自我修养中,“诚”贯彻于书籍选择、读书方法、读书志趣等为学活动;凝练为“主敬、静坐、早起”等十二项课程和“敬、恕、诚、静、勤、润”六字法等道德实践。在曾国藩的家庭教育中,“诚”体现为至诚的德育追求和圆融的美育观念,其道德层面的教育具体表现为躬行践履和勤自树立等理念,审美层面的教育具体表现为诵诗作文和习字日课等实践。其中,诵诗作文注重涵咏兴会,习字日课讲求光润圆秀,这是曾国藩道德追求的外化。曾国藩的个人修养和家庭教育相辅相成,启迪了后来的德育、美育思想,在当下依然有着积极的启示意义。As a prominent figure of the late Qing Dynasty literati,Zeng Guofan consistently upheld the Confucian principle of‘sincerity'throughout his life.He not only held himself to strict standards in embodying this principle in his reading,learning,moral cultivation,and other pursuits,but also instilled in his descendants the importance of adopting it as the foundation and guiding principle for their actions.In Zeng Guofan's approach to self-cultivation,‘sincerity'was manifested through the selection of books,reading methodologies,and interests,and was distilled into twelve practices such as‘respect,meditation,and early rising,'alongside six guiding virtues,namely‘respect,forgiveness,sincerity,tranquility,diligence,and gentle influence,'in the realm of moral development.In his family education,‘sincerity'was evident in the emphasis on genuine moral instruction and a harmonious approach to aesthetic education.The moral education was specifically reflected in the principles of self-cultivation and diligent self-establishment,while the aesthetic education was embodied in activities such as poetry recitation,essay composition,and daily calligraphy practice.Among these,poetry recitation and essay writing were aimed at nurturing interest and inspiration,whereas daily calligraphy exercises focused on fluidity and elegance,which represented the external manifestation of Zeng Guofan's moral aspirations.Zeng Guofan's personal cultivation and family education were mutually reinforcing,illuminating subsequent thoughts on moral and aesthetic education,and continue to hold significant enlightening value today.

关 键 词：曾国藩 诚 自我修养 家庭教育 

分 类 号：G78[文化科学—教育学]