离心通风机气动-结构耦合噪声特性研究  

Study of aero-structure coupled noise characteristic for centrifugal fan

作　　者：王佳欢 王军利[1,2] 刘志远 周杨 张升 WANG Jiahuan;WANG Junli;LIU Zhiyuan;ZHOU Yang;ZHANG Sheng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation,Hanzhong 723000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学机械工程学院,陕西汉中723000 [2]陕西省工业自动化重点实验室,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《陕西理工大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBGY-385);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-YB-018);陕西理工大学研究生创新基金项目(SLGYCX2313)。

摘　　要：目前研究风机噪声时主要考虑气动噪声或流动诱发的结构噪声,降噪策略集中在叶片仿生学设计,风机气动噪声与蜗壳结构噪声之间耦合作用的研究较少,蜗壳结构特性对风机噪声的影响规律尚不明确。针对这一问题,通过求解非定常流场获取叶片表面瞬态静压,利用流固耦合方法计算蜗壳振动速度,采用声学有限元法求解风机的气动-结构耦合噪声,分析不同叶频时蜗壳后盖板附近的振速、模态振型及耦合噪声分布特性,探究了不同工况下的流场静压及蜗壳结构对耦合噪声的影响规律。结果表明:1、2阶叶频噪声是风机耦合噪声中的主要成分,叶轮附近是主要的气动噪声源,出口区域蜗壳是主要的结构噪声源;蜗壳后盖板处的振速、模态振型与耦合噪声关系密切,在2阶叶频附近,气动噪声及结构振动噪声与蜗壳结构共振,耦合噪声幅值高达135 dB。研究结果可为风机噪声预测及改变蜗壳结构响应对风机降噪提供理论依据。Aerodynamic or flow-induced structural noise is mainly considered in fan noise research,and the noise reduction strategy focuses on blade bionic design.There are fewer studies on the coupling between the aerodynamic noise of the fan and the structural noise of the volute,and the influence of the structural characteristics of the volute on the noise of the fan is still not clear.In this view,the transient static pressure on the blade surface is obtained by solving the unsteady flow field,the vibration velocity of the volute is calculated by using the fluid-solid coupling method,the acoustic finite element method is used to solve the aerodynamic-structural coupled noise of the fan,the vibration velocity,mode shapes,and distribution characteristics of the coupled noise near the back cover of the volute are analyzed at different blade passing frequency,to investigate the effects of the static pressure in the flow field and the structure of the volute on the coupled noise under different working conditions.The results show that the Ist and 2nd order blade passing frequency noise is the main component in the coupled noise of the fan,near the impeller is the main source of aerodynamic noise,and the outlet area of the volute is the main source of structural noise;the vibration velocity and mode shapes at the back cover of the volute have a close relationship with the coupled noise,and near the 2nd order blade passing frequency,the aerodynamic noise,and the structural vibration noise are in resonance with the structure of the volute.The amplitude of the coupled noise is as high as 135 dB,which can be used as a theoretical basis for the change of the structural response of the volute on the noise reduction of the fan.

关 键 词：离心通风机 气动噪声 耦合噪声 声学有限元 声振耦合 

分 类 号：TH432[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]