双元制大学学习中的实践阶段:学生视角下的经验分析与改进需求  

On the Practical Phases in Dual Studies:Experiences and Needs for Action from the Students’Perspective

作　　者：Sirikit Krone 陈颖(翻译) Sirikit Krone(Institute for Work,Skills and Training,University of Duisburg-Essen,Duisburg 49048,Germany)

机构地区：[1]杜伊斯堡-埃森大学工作与资格研究所,德国杜伊斯堡49048 [2]奥斯纳布吕克应用科学大学

出　　处：《应用型高等教育研究》2025年第1期38-45,共8页Application-Oriented Higher Education Research

摘　　要：双元制大学学习模式在德国愈发受到青睐,目前约有12万名大学生就读于此类混合式学习专业。在该模式下,企业的实践阶段受到相关法律法规的约束。在学生和企业签订的培训合同中明确规定了实践部分的内容和组织形式。此外,学生在经济上获得支持,主要包括企业支付的培训工资以及企业承担部分学习费用。然而,从学生的视角来看,双元制大学专业在一些关键质量维度上仍存在改进空间。首先,高校的理论课程与企业的实践培训之间衔接不足,这一问题直接影响了双元制教育的整体成效。其次,企业缺乏合格的培训人员,导致实践阶段缺乏有效的指导和支持。最后,双元制模式带来的高负荷工作量使学生需要在高校和企业两个不同的学习环境中同时应对多样化的要求,导致学生面临过度的压力和身心负担。Dual study programs are becoming increasingly popular in Germany,with around 120,000 young people currently enrolled in such hybrid study formats.The practical phases of dual study pro-grammes are legally framed by training and internship contracts,while training plans define the con-tent and organizational structure.A training salary and the coverage of key types of study costs by com-panies are the basic sources of funding for the majority of students.From their perspective,there is a need for action with regard to central quality features of the dual study program:first and foremost,the inadequate integration of theoretical content at the university with practical tasks in the companies as a constitutive element of dual study programs.In addition,the lack of adequate supervision and guid-ance by qualified training staff in the companies is criticized by many.A third problem area is the high workload resulting from the expectations at two learning locations,which leads to students being over-loaded.

关 键 词：双元制大学学习 第三级教育 教育体系间的互通性 职业教育 混合式人才培养体系 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]