一般宗教的精神本质及其在鲁迅精神结构中的思想定位  

The Spiritual Essence of General Religion and Its Ideological Positioning in Lu Xun's Spiritual Structure

作　　者：张松[1] Zhang Song

机构地区：[1]山东社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《山东社会科学》2025年第2期77-87,共11页Shandong Social Sciences

摘　　要：鲁迅早期关于宗教的论述,其实是对一般宗教之精神本质的一种不包含价值评判的哲学探讨。他后来之所以对诸多所谓的宗教活动和某些民间信仰现象提出严厉的批评,恰恰是因为他认为这些东西中缺少真正的宗教精神。考虑到他在《文化偏至论》中论及传统中国人因“尚物质”而缺乏必要精神性的生活特性,以及因此在人格上表现出来的“非人”状态,并由此提出“立人”思想,他原则上不会就其精神本质来反对宗教的存在。尽管如此,鲁迅并未让自己的思想停留在宗教中。在他早期对宗教的哲学论述中,就已经深入宗教精神的形而上学根源,对之进行了哲学上的解构,并构建了鲁迅精神自身的一种具有哲学-形而上学深度的核心结构,这决定了他的全部批判性思想的基本形态。在为“立人”所做的努力中,鲁迅从未试图在大众中鼓动任何宗教信仰和形而上学观念,也拒绝使用基于笛卡尔主体性形而上学的理性、进步、科学、民主等概念来教化大众。他所做的一切努力,旨在让国人通过一种深度的精神努力,在人格上真正成为有主体能力并承担主体责任的人。Lu Xun's early discussions on religion were actually a philosophical exploration of the spiritual essence of general religion without value judgments.The reason why he later put forward severe criticisms of many so-called religious activities and some phenomena of folk beliefs was precisely because he believed that the true religious spirit was lacking in these things.Considering that in his"On the Deviation of Cul-ture",he had mentioned that the traditional Chinese people lacked the necessary spiritual characteristics of life due to their"emphasis on material things",and the"inhuman"state manifested in their personalities as a result,and had thus put forward the idea of"establishing the individual",he would not,in principle,oppose the existence of religion in terms of its spiritual essence.Nevertheless,Lu Xun did not let his thoughts remain in religion.In his early philosophical discussions on religion,he had already penetrated into the metaphysical roots of the religious spirit,deconstructed it philosophically,and constructed a core struc-ture of Lu Xun's own spirit with philosophical-metaphysical depth,which determined the basic form of all his critical thoughts.In his efforts to"establishing the individual"',Lu Xun never tried to promote any reli-gious beliefs or metaphysical concepts among the masses,nor did he use concepts such as rationality,pro-gress,science,and democracy based on Descartes'metaphysics of subjectivity to indoctrinate the masses.All his efforts were aimed at enabling the Chinese people to truly become individuals with subjective capabil-ities and to assume subjective responsibilities in terms of personality through a profound spiritual effort.

关 键 词：鲁迅 宗教 形而上学 “立人” 精神性 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]