经济学的范式转换与范式综合——一个经济思想史的回顾和展望  

Paradigm Shift and Paradigm Synthesis in Economics:A Review and Prospect of the History of Economic Thought

作　　者：叶航 Ye Hang(School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-making,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学经济学院、经济行为与决策研究中心,310018

出　　处：《经济思想史学刊》2025年第1期21-54,共34页Bulletin of the History of Economic Thought

摘　　要：科学哲学家库恩将“范式转换”看作“科学革命”最重要的事件,并认为它是科学理论发展和科学革命的标志。但库恩的理论主要依据自然科学的发展历史,它是否适合社会科学仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。本文通过回顾西方主流经济学的发展历史,发现库恩的论断同样适用于经济学,但同时也展现出社会科学的独特属性。这种独特性主要体现为经济学的发展是以“范式转换”和“范式综合”交替进行的方式实现的,它既是人类科学技术进步和经济形态发展变化在经济思想上的反映,也反映了社会科学与自然科学在理论发展形式上的不同和差别。这种探讨有益于我们更全面地认识经济学的发展规律,从而有助于中国经济学的自主理论创新。Thomas Kuhn,a prominent philosopher of science,regarded the“paradigm shift”as the most significant event in what he termed the“scientific revolution,”viewing it as a symbol of the evolution of scientific theories and revolutions.However,Kuhn's theory is primarily based on the historical development of natural sciences,leaving its applicability to social sciences an unresolved question.By reviewing the historical development of mainstream Western economics,this paper finds that Kuhn's assertion applies to economics,while also revealing the unique attributes of social sciences.This uniqueness is chiefly manifested in how economic development occurs through an alternating process of“paradigm shift”and“paradigm synthesis.”Such dynamics not only reflect advancements in human science and technology alongside changes in economic thought but also underscore differences between theoretical development within social sciences and that within natural sciences.This exploration enhances our understanding of the development patterns of economics and thus contributes to fostering independent theoretical innovation in Chinese economics.

关 键 词：科学革命 范式转换 范式综合 

分 类 号：F091[经济管理—政治经济学]