空气污染与企业进入  

Air Pollution and Firm Entry

作　　者：吴海涛 薛妍 叶慧颖 刘建民 郝宇[5] Wu Haitao;Xue Yan;Ye Huiying;Liu Jianmin;Hao Yu

机构地区：[1]海南大学国际商学院 [2]湖南大学经济与贸易学院,湖南省410079 [3]河北工业大学经济管理学院 [4]长沙理工大学经济与管理学院 [5]北京理工大学经济学院

出　　处：《世界经济》2025年第3期111-145,共35页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：湖南省哲学社会科学基金重大项目(22ZDAJ009)的资助。

摘　　要：本文基于经济增长理论中的产品种类增加模型,将空气污染和企业进入纳入统一理论框架,论证空气污染对企业进入的影响机制,并综合县域、县域-行业和企业数据进行经验分析。运用断点回归法和工具变量法研究发现:空气污染明显削弱了企业进入的积极性,这种弱化效应对经济发展水平低、公众环境关注度高的地区以及服务业更加明显。机制检验显示,空气污染对企业进入的负向影响主要是由劳动力供给多维变化、企业面临潜在风险增加和全要素生产率下降导致的。进一步分析表明,空气污染对企业进入的负面影响具有长期性,推进空气污染治理是统筹推进环境保护与企业进入的有效举措。本文对空气污染及其治理对于企业选址行为多维复杂影响形成了完整的“理论+经验分析+策略”组合分析框架。Firm entry revitalises the economic development of the region.In the reformist practice of comprehensively promoting Chinese modernisation,clarifying the cooperative governance mechanism that aims to prevent pollution and produce economic development is a common task for the government and academia.Drawing on the product variety expansion model of economic growth theory,this paper innovatively integrates air pollution and firm entry into a unified theoretical framework.The theoretical analysis reveals that air pollution primarily inhibits firm entry through three channels:the reduction of labour supply,the increase in corporate risk,and the decrease in total factor productivity(TFP).Employing various models,such as regression discontinuity design and instrumental variable estimation,and synthesising comprehensive data at the county,county-industry and firm levels,the paper empirically tests the effect,mechanism and heterogeneity of air pollution on firm entry.The empirical results indicate that air pollution has been weakening the enthusiasm of firms to enter.These findings remain robust after conducting rigorous tests of bandwidth sensitivity,non-parametric estimation,alternative model specifications,variable substitution and additional control variables.The heterogeneity analysis further reveals regional and industrial differences in the impact of air pollution on firm entry.In particular,the negative effects of air pollution on firm entry are more pronounced in areas with low economic development levels and high public environmental concern,as well as in the service industry.The mechanism tests show that air pollution adversely affects firm entry through multidimensional changes in labour supply,increased business risk and decreased TFP.This empirical result is consistent with the theoretical analysis.Regarding the channel of multidimensional changes in the labour supply,the decline in firm entry is mainly attributed to the dual decrease in labour supply quantity and efficiency.In terms of firm risk channel,ai

关 键 词：空气污染 企业进入 断点回归 工具变量 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理]