从“重男轻女”到“男女平等”——高等教育扩招与家庭人力资本投资性别偏好转型  

From"Son Preference"to"Gender Equality":Higher Education Enrollment Expansion and Gender Bias in Family Investments in Human Capital

作　　者：刘一伟 郭秋月 孙中伟 Liu Yiwei;Guo Qiuyue;Sun Zhongwei(School of Government,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100080;School of Public Administration,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045;School of Politics and Public Administration,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学政府管理学院,北京100080 [2]华北水利水电大学公共管理学院,郑州450045 [3]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院,广州510631

出　　处：《教育研究》2025年第3期118-131,共14页Educational Research

摘　　要：实现男女平等是推进中国式现代化、推动社会进步的重要使命。我国坚持男女平等基本国策,但数千年农耕文化的深远影响使“重男轻女”观念根深蒂固,深刻影响着家庭的人力资本投资,导致教育资源的分配失衡,阻碍国家人力资本的可持续发展。高等教育不仅是国家发展的基石,也是促进家庭投资性别平等的关键力量。基于2010—2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,通过构建准自然实验模型,分析高等教育扩招对家庭人力资本投资性别偏好的影响,研究结果表明,高等教育扩招政策显著降低了家庭对男孩的人力资本投资偏好,有效推动了家庭人力资本投资从“重男轻女”向“男女平等”转变。这表明教育不单是知识的传递,更是社会结构与文化认同变革的催化剂,高等教育扩招带来的知识传播与价值观的变革,深刻促进了文化制度的根本性转变。为确保不同文化和经济背景下的儿童青少年平等接受教育,应推动多方协作以构建包容性教育环境。通过推动性别认知的系统性转变、促进资源的公平配置、形成性别平等教育的社会共识,促进教育资源在家庭中的均衡分配,显著改善女孩的教育和发展机会。通过助力实现性别平等与社会经济发展的双重目标,推动我国实现从人口红利向人才红利的转型,为社会公正和经济的可持续发展奠定坚实基础。Achieving gender equality is an important mission in the promotion of Chinese modernization and social progress.China adheres to the basic national policy of gender equality,but the profound influence of thousands of years of farming culture has produced the deeply-rooted concept of"son preference,"which deeply affects family investments in human capital,and results in the imbalanced distribution of educational resources and the hindered sustainable development of national human capital.Higher education is not only a cornerstone of national development,but also a key force in promoting gender equality in family investments.Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies(2010-2020),this study constructs a quasi-natural experimental model to analyze the effect of higher education enrollment expansion on the gender bias in family investments in human capital.The findings show that the policy for higher education enrollment expansion significantly reduced a family's"son preference"in human capital investments,and effectively pushed the shift of family investments in human capital from"son preference"to"gender equality."This reveals that education is not only the dissemination of knowledge but also a catalyst for the change of social structures and cultural identity,and that knowledge dissemination and the change of values resulting from higher education enrollment expansion have profoundly promoted the fundamental change of the cultural system.To ensure children's equal access to education in different cultural and economic backgrounds,we need to promote multi-party collaboration to build an inclusive educational environment.Specifically,we need to promote the systematic change in gender perceptions and the fair allocation of resources,and reach a social consensus on gender equality in education;promote the balanced distribution of educational resources among families,and significantly improve girls'opportunities of education and development;and help to achieve the dual goals of gender equality and socioeconomi

关 键 词：高等教育扩招 家庭人力资本投资 性别偏好 男女平等 

分 类 号：G40-052[文化科学—教育学原理]