表面流人工湿地植物茎上生物膜脱氮特性研究  

Nitrogen removal performance and microbial biofilm on different plant stems in surface flow constructed wetlands

作　　者：赵怡蔚 杨增浩 徐洪斌[1] 李国强 方颖珂 ZHAO Yiwei;YANG Zenghao;XU Hongbin;LI Guoqiang;FANG Yingke(School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生态与环境学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《环境工程》2025年第2期39-46,共8页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项(221111320900);河南省交通厅科技项目(2023-4-4);黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究一期项目(2022-YRUC-01-050208-04);2022年郑州大学教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2022ZZUJG250);2023年河南省专业学位研究生精品教学案例项目(YJS2023AL012)。

摘　　要：微生物在人工湿地水质净化过程中起重要作用,表面流人工湿地的挺水植物茎上附着大量微生物,与湿地污水处理性能密切相关,但是目前针对植物茎上微生物的研究较少。搭建了由不同植物混合组成的表面流人工湿地系统(黄菖蒲+美人蕉、菖蒲+旱伞草),单个植物组成的1个表面流人工湿地(香蒲)研究其对污水中氮的净化效果,通过检测香蒲、菖蒲、美人蕉、旱伞草4种常见人工湿地植物茎上微生物多样性和群落结构,分析不同湿地植物茎上微生物群落的特异性,结合植物茎部异位性能测试,明晰茎上脱氮的微生物机制。结果表明:茎部微生物对硝态氮的去除贡献为0.25~0.6 mg/g鲜重,香蒲对于氨氮和硝态氮的去除效果最好,其茎部微生物在氮去除过程中的作用较大,贡献值达到0.58 mg/g鲜重,且其微生物群落的多样性和数量均高于其他植物。从污染物整体去除效果来看,选用黄菖蒲和美人蕉组合湿地为最佳处理组合,该湿地组合对氨氮去除率为83.8%,对总氮去除率为51.9%。湿地系统中存在的主要微生物群落组成相似,为Pseudomonas(假单胞菌属)、Chryseobacterium(金黄杆菌属)、Comamonas(丛毛单胞菌属)、Glutamicibacter(短杆菌属)、Aeromonas(气单胞菌属)等,系统中微生物通过协同作用,共同促进了人工湿地系统的水质净化功能。茎部微生物参与表面流人工湿地的净水过程对硝态氮去除的贡献值为0.2~1.0 mg/g鲜重,停留时间为70 h时,该贡献值达到最大。Microorganisms play a crucial role in the water purification process of constructed wetlands.In surface flow constructed wetlands,a large number of microorganisms are attached to the stems of emergent plants,which are closely related to wastewater treatment performance.However,research on the microorganisms on plant stems is still limited.This study established two surface flow constructed wetland systems composed of different plant mixtures(Iris pseudacorus+Canna indica,calamus+Cyperus alternifolius)and one surface flow constructed wetland composed of a single plant species(schoenoplectus),to investigate their nitrogen removal effects from wastewater.By examining the microbial diversity and community structure on the stems of four common wetland plants(Schoenoplectus,calamus,Canna and Cyperus alternifolius),the study analyzed the specificity of microbial communities on different wetland plants and clarified the microbial mechanisms of nitrogen removal in conjunction with the heterotrophic performance tests of plant stems.Results indicated that stem-associated microorganisms contributed approximately 0.25 to 0.6 mg/g fresh weight to the removal of nitrate nitrogen.Schoenoplectus exhibited the best removal efficiency for both ammonia and nitrate nitrogen,with its stem microorganisms contributing 0.58 mg/g,and its microbial community showing higher diversity and abundance than the other plants.From an overall pollutants removal perspective,the combination of Iris pseudacorus and Canna indica was identified as the optimal treatment combination,achieving an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 83.8%and a total nitrogen removal rate of 51.9%.The predominant microbial communities present in the system were similar,including Pseudomonas,Chryseobacterium,Comamonas,Glutamicibacter,and Aeromonas.These microorganisms synergistically promoted the water purification function of the constructed wetland system.The contribution of stem microorganisms to the nitrate nitrogen removal in surface flow constructed wetlands was approximat

关 键 词：表面流人工湿地 湿地植物 茎部微生物 脱氮 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]