滨海湿地水文连通修复对生态系统功能提升的研究进展与挑战  

Research progress and challenges:Improving ecosystem functions of coastal wetlands by coastal restoration incorporating hydrological connectivity

作　　者：庞礼铧 崔保山[2,3] 马旭 刘泽正 PANG Lihua;CUI Baoshan;MA Xu;LIU Zezheng(School of Marine Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;School of Environment,State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Yellow River Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Ministry of Education,Dongying 257500,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Beijing 100038,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学海洋科学学院,广东珠海519082 [2]北京师范大学环境学院湿地环境保护与生态修复全国重点实验室,北京100875 [3]黄河口湿地生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东东营257500 [4]流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [5]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《环境工程》2025年第2期167-176,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(42306187);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42330705,U2243208)。

摘　　要：随着全球滨海湿地面积的损失和生态系统功能的持续退化,利用水文连通修复来提升与改善滨海湿地生态系统功能已成为全球的重要策略。通过梳理Web of Science数据库中1950—2024年的7225篇文献,揭示了全球滨海湿地水文连通修复的时空分布特征,归纳了陆向水文连通修复和海向水文连通修复的主要方法,以及滨海湿地水文连通修复对初级生产力、海岸防护、碳储存和生物多样性保护等关键生态系统功能的影响机理和研究进展;从影响因素众多、恢复周期漫长、响应过程多变和功能权衡复杂等视角总结了当前利用滨海湿地水文连通提升生态系统功能的挑战。针对当前的研究进展和存在的问题,展望了未来的研究趋势,可为解决滨海湿地生态系统功能提升面临的基础科学问题提供支持。With the loss of global coastal wetland areas and the continuous degradation of its ecosystem functions,improving the functions of coastal wetland ecosystems through coastal restoration incorporating hydrological connectivity has become a significant global strategy.This paper reviewed 7,225 articles from the Web of Science database(1950 to 2024),revealed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of global coastal restoration projects using hydrological connectivity,and elucidated the main methods of landward and seaward hydrological connectivity restoration.The research on coastal restoration using hydrological connectivity began in the 1970s,and the number of global research papers started to increase after the 1990s.The United States has the highest number of research papers in this field,accounting for more than one-third of the global total.China ranks the second in the number of research papers.Landward hydrological connectivity ecological restoration mainly focuses on the regulation of runoff,sediment transport,and landward nutrient transport,while seaward hydrological connectivity restoration techniques primarily include managing realignment or retreat,regulating tidal exchange,and controlling reduced tide.Furthermore,this paper clarifies the mechanisms and research progress of the impact of coastal restoration based on hydrological connectivity on key ecosystem functions,such as primary productivity,coastal protection,carbon storage,and biodiversity conservation.From the perspectives of numerous influencing factors,lengthy restoration periods,highly variable response processes,and complex functional trade-offs,this paper summarizes the current challenges of enhancing ecosystem functions using coastal restoration based on hydrological connectivity.Future research trends are anticipated in light of the current research progress and existing problems,which can support addressing the fundamental scientific issues faced in enhancing coastal wetland ecosystem functions.In the future,we should focus on ut

关 键 词：滨海湿地 水文连通 生态修复 生态功能 气候变化缓解 生物多样性保护 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]