民事诉权的中国意涵——基于民事诉讼自主知识体系的追问  

The Connotation of Civil Litigation Rights in China——A Pursuit Based on the Autonomous Knowledge System of Civil Litigation

作　　者：任重[1] REN Zhong(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《河北法学》2025年第3期2-22,共21页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“民事诉权行使限度研究”(24AFX021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自主知识体系是法理学和部门法学的共同关注。民事诉讼自主知识体系研究呈现边缘化和片面化,尤其限定于多元纠纷解决、在线诉讼、元宇宙和区块链等议题。对民事诉讼技术性的过分强调、实体法与程序法的分离格局、面对司法导向的自主性不足以及以诉权为起点的民事诉讼基础理论边缘化,共同导致民事诉讼自主知识体系构建的内驱力不足。我国民事诉权意涵的模糊和矛盾具有原发性。《依法治国决定》审议通过十余年来,民事诉权的通用意涵仍未得到重塑。“公法诉权为表,私法诉权为里”的通用诉权表达系改革开放后受“诉讼爆炸”“案多人少”实质影响而滑向私法诉权模式的结果,这正是立案审查制的理论根基。过去十年分三步走的立案登记制改革及其诉权实践乃对起诉条件法定原则的重申与贯彻,但诉权规范仍停留于附条件之诉权理解,并呈现出起诉权中心主义。立案登记制深化改革要求以公法诉权论为导向重塑我国民事诉权意涵,据此全面贯彻《依法治国决定》蕴含的全过程民事诉权意涵。The autonomous knowledge system is a common concern for jurisprudence and branch law studies.Research on the autonomous knowledge system of civil litigation is marginalized and one-sided,particularly confined to topics such as multi-disputes resolution,online litigation,metaverse,and blockchain.The overemphasis on the technicality of civil litigation,the binary pattern of substantive law and procedural law,the insufficiency of autonomy in the face of judicial orientation,and the marginalization of civil litigation basic theory starting from litigation rights collectively lead to a lack of internal drive in the construction of the autonomous knowledge system of civil litigation.The ambiguity and contradiction of the meaning of civil litigation rights in our country are original.More than ten years after the review and adoption of the Decision on Governing the Country According to Law,the general meaning of civil litigation rights has not been reshaped.The common expression of litigation rights,public law litigation rights as the appearance,and private law litigation rights as the essence,is the result of sliding towards the private law litigation rights model after the reform and opening up,which is the theoretical basis for the case filing review system.The three-step case filing registration system reform over the past decade and its litigation rights practice are a reiteration and implementation of the principle of statutory conditions for filing lawsuits,but the expression of litigation rights still remains in the conditional attachment of litigation rights,showing a center of filing rights.The deepening reform of the case filing registration system requires reshaping the meaning of civil litigation rights in our country guided by the theory of public law litigation rights,and accordingly,fully implement the hierarchical litigation rights and the systematization of civil litigation rights contained in the Decision on Governing the Country According to Law.

关 键 词：民事诉讼 自主知识体系 诉权 起诉条件 立案登记 体系化 

分 类 号：DF72[政治法律—诉讼法学]