风景的在地经验:明清武汉私家园林营造中的“山水”借景  

The Local Experience of Landscape:The Borrowing Views of"Mountains and Rivers"in Wuhan Private Garden Making during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：赵纪军[1,2] 何家鑫 ZHAO Jijun;HE Jiaxin(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074;Hubei Urbanization Engineering and Technology Research Center,Key Laboratory of Urban Simulation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心/自然资源部城市仿真重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国园林》2025年第4期130-136,共7页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52078227,52478056)。

摘　　要：“借景”是中国风景园林理论研究的一个重要话题。以明清武汉私家园林为研究对象,考察其基于本土山水格局的“借景”现象,认为其不仅传承了以《园冶》为代表的造园经验和“借景”传统,更有丰富而生动的“在地经验”:依托本土山形水势的登眺所观,嵌合江山风景的“入境式”身体参与,追怀三国群雄等本土人文历史的时空观想,以及晚清时局变迁背景下,关联张之洞等特定的人与事、由出世归隐到入世关怀的近代转型。明清武汉私家园林迄今均湮没于历史时空长河之中,然园林不存,风景犹在,其风景的在地经验所承载的文化精神得以存续和传播,提示了如今倡导守护绿水青山的源远流长的历史与人文价值。While"borrowing views"is an important concept in the study of Chinese landscape architecture theory,this study delves into this topic by examining the private gardens of Wuhan in the context of the local mountain and water patterns during the Ming and Qing dynasties.It is posited that these gardens not only carry forward the gardening expertise and the tradition of"borrowing views"represented by the classic text The Craft of Gardens,but also embody a wealth of vivid and authentic local experiences".Firstly,private gardens in Wuhan drew upon the"natural"attributes of the local mountain and water patterns.By capitalizing on the elevated terrain,they provided a direct visual experience of gazing into the distance from a lofty vantage point.However,the vistas from these heights encompassed not only the natural landscape but also actively integrated the urban scenery.This integration was a result of leveraging Wuhan s distinctive landscape pattern of a city of rivers and half a city of mountains",which provided a unique local experience of looking far from a high place.Secondly,there was the"immersive"physical engagement that integrated with the landscape.This engagement encompassed the interplay between individuals and the natural environment,highlighting the influence of"mountains and waters"on"people"and the reciprocal involvement of"people"with"mountains and waters".It also included the thoughtful placement of living and touring spaces,which mirrored the delicate interplay between man-made structures and the natural topography.Furthermore,it involved the multi-sensory involvement of the body within specific temporal and spatial contexts,which not only conveyed bodily sensations but also underscored the dynamic processes inherent in the"river"as a natural boundary.These landscape experiences were intrinsically linked to the unique encounters of being surrounded by the mountains and waters,and were made possible by the specific"mountains"(Gui Mountain and She Mountain)and"waters"(Yangtze River and Han River).Thirdly

关 键 词：风景园林 借景 武汉私家园林 山水风景 在地经验 时空 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]