高盐尾水人工湿地水生植物建植技术及其应用  

Construction and Application of Aquatic Plants in High Salt Tailwater Artificial Wetland

作　　者：张淼 张雪娇 朱晓晓 蔡颖 孔宇 赵德华[2] Zhang Miao;Zhang Xuejiao;Zhu Xiaoxiao;Cai Ying;Kong Yu;Zhao Dehua(Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210019,Jiangsu China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,Jiangsu China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省环境工程技术有限公司,江苏南京210019 [2]南京大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《绿色科技》2025年第4期1-6,11,共7页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省环境工程技术有限公司研发项目(编号:JSEP-GJ20220011-RE-ZL,JSEP-GJ2023-1005-ZL)。

摘　　要：人工湿地系统具有环境友好、成本低等优点,被广泛应用于污水深度处理中,其中水生植物在处理过程中发挥不可替代的重要作用。当处理高盐污水时,水生植物往往受到高盐胁迫,导致成活率低、群落结构脆弱且单一化、系统周年净化效果稳定性不足等问题。针对高盐污水处理厂尾水,构建了一种适用于人工湿地的水生植物建植技术体系,主要包括耐盐性水生植物的筛选、平衡性基质筛选和水位管理3个部分。在耐盐性水生植物的筛选方面,基于曝光度(即工程应用指数),对水生态工程常用的30余种水生植物工具种耐盐性进行了排名,芦苇、菖蒲、盐地碱蓬、芦竹、达香蒲等在高盐人工湿地的工程应用中排名靠前,且在高盐环境中,选择耐盐水生植物可显著提升人工湿地净化功能。平衡性基质筛选方面,根据水体COD与盐度,对人工湿地来水水质进行了分级,然后在不同分级下,分别为表流型、潜流型和垂直流型人工湿地推荐了不同的基质类型。结果表明:移栽后22、68 d,达香蒲的存活率可达92%和86%;撒种+移栽68 d后,水生植物盖度达83%。本研究可为高盐尾水人工湿地的建设提供理论依据和工程技术参考。Constructed wetlands(CWs),known for their environmental friendliness and low cost,are widely utilized in advanced treatmentof wastewater effluent from wastewater treatment plants,where aquatic plants play an irreplaceable role.When treating high salt wastewater,aquatic plants often suffer from high salt stress,leading to issues such as low in low survival rates,fragile and monotonous community structures,and insufficient stability of the system's annual purification effectiveness.To address the high salt effluent from wastewater treatment plants,a planting technology for aquatic plants suitable for CWs has been developed,primarily consisting of three parts:the selection of salt\|tolerant aquatic plants,the screening of balanced substrates between plant growth and purification function of CWs,and water level management.In terms of selecting salt\|tolerant aquatic plants,based on the exposure index(i.e.,engineering application index),the salt tolerance of over 30 commonly used aquatic plant species in aquatic ecological engineering was ranked.Species such as Phragmites australis,Acorus calamus,Suaeda salsa,Arundo donax,and Typha domingensis ranked highly for engineering applications in CWs treating high salt influent.Pilot test results indicated that this ranking is relatively reliable,and selecting salt\|tolerant aquatic plants in high salt environments can significantly enhance the purification function of CWs.Regarding the screening of balanced substrates,this study first classified the water quality of CWs influent based on chemical oxygen demand(COD)and salinity.Then,different types of substrate were recommended for surface flow,subsurface flow,and vertical flow CWs under different water quality classifications.A demonstration engineering of subsurface flow CWs was further constructed to validate our developed planting technology.The results showed that the survival rates of Typha domingensis reached 92%and 86%at 22 and 68 days after transplantation,respectively.After 68 days of seeding combined with transplan

关 键 词：高盐尾水 人工湿地 水生植物 高盐胁迫 示范工程 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]